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english hardesty
english final for prof hardestys 1b final 2012
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the four criteria for mature reasoning | well informed, self critical, keep readers in mind, context of argument is known |
| what is a claim | what the author wants you to know |
| according to raymond williams | culture is that which is ordinary |
| what is discourse | specialized language |
| what is argument | mature reasoning |
| deductive reasoning goes from | general to specific |
| inductive reasoning goes from | specific to general |
| identify and define the 6 criteria for toulmin analysis | 1. claim 2. grounds/date 3. warrant 4. backing/support 5. rebuttal/reservation 6. qualifier |
| what is an issue | interesting/controversial point that you want to discuss further |
| how do emotional appeals work? | interesting/controversial point that you want to discuss further |
| name 7 questions for understanding difference | difference a matter of 1. assumptions 2. principle 3. values 4. ends or means 5. implications/consequences 6. interpretation 7. a result of personal background, basic human needs or emotions. |
| mediation aims to move | disputants beyond the polarized thinking that makes conflicts impossible to resolve |
| mediators must appeal to | all sides, and project character |
| critical readers move back and forth between what metaphorical perspectives? | the ant and the bird |
| what does it mean to argue to inquire | use reasoning to find the best answer to an issue (seeks truth) |
| what does it mean to argue to convince | offering reasons and evidence in support of our opinion (seeks assent to a thesis) |
| what does it mean to argue to persuade | attempts to influence not just thinking but behavior (seeks action) |
| what does it mean to argue to mediate | move disputants beyond the polarized thinking that makes conflicts impossible to resolve (seeks consensus) |
| name 5 qualifying words or phrases | 1. most 2. everyone 3. everything 4. all 5. always |
| name three inappropriate appeals to authority | 1. authority not an expert in the field 2. others in the field disagree on this subject 3. authority making a joke or drunk |
| define ethos, logos, pathos | ethos- ethics logos- logic/reason pathos- passion/emotion |
| what does TRIAC stand for | Topic Restriction Illustration Analysis Conclusion |
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