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Ch. 11 (Final)
Groundwater
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In very dry climates such as deserts, rivers tend to be __. | losing streams |
| A _______ is a type of hot spring that erupts hot water and steam. | geyser |
| A(n) ____ is a body of ground water separated from the main water table by a zone that is not saturated. | perched water table |
| Given all other conditions are the same, ground water flows faster if __. | it is flowing in response to a greater hydraulic gradient |
| Shales can have substantial porosity but have low _____. | permeability |
| An area with many sinkholes and caves is said to have ___ topography | karst |
| Local lowering of the water table, called ____, tends to change the direction of groundwater flow by changing the slope of the water table. | drawdown |
| The upper surface of the saturated zone is called the __. | water table |
| The _____ is the zone above the water table. | vadose zone |
| ____ are closed depressions found where land surfaces are underlain by limestone bedrock. | Sinkholes |
| ___ is the percentage of a rock or sediment that consists of void space. | Porosity |
| A(n) _______ is a body of saturated rock or sediment through which water can move easily. | aquifer |
| The hydraulic head is defined as __. | elevation plus pore fluid pressure at a given point |
| The unsaturated zone is __. | the zone above the water table |
| Heavy use of ground water can cause a region's water table to ____. | drop to deeper depths |
| In a(n) _____ aquifer water rises above the top of the aquifer when a drill penetrates it. | artesian |
| The water table ______ in humid regions. | roughly parallels the land surface |
| When water is pumped out of an unconfined aquifer through a well, a ___ often develops in the water table. | cone of depression |
| _____ form when slightly acidic ground water dissolves limestone along joints and bedding planes. | Caves |
| A ________ is a place where water flows naturally from rocks onto the ground surface. | spring |
| ___ states that the velocity of ground water equals permeability multiplied by hydraulic gradient. | Darcy's law |
| Gasoline leaking from an underground storage tank will __. | infiltrate to the top of the water table, on which it will float |
| Most ________ and _________ are both porous and permeable. | sandstone; conglomerate |
| An _____ rock is one that does not allow water to flow through it easily. | impermeable |
| Shale is a common _____ because it retards the flow of ground water. | aquitard |
| A deposit of loose sand may have a porosity of _____ percent. | 30-50 |
| A _____ is a deep, cylindrical hole that is dug or drilled into the ground to penetrate an aquifer within the saturated zone. | well |
| ______ are icicle-like pendants of calcite hanging from cave ceilings. | Stalactites |
| ________ refers to the ability of a rock to transmit fluids. | Permeability |
| In unconfined aquifers water in shallow wells __. | will rise to the level of the water table |
| A(n) _________ aquifer is completely filled with water under pressure and is separated from the surface by an aquitard. | confined |
| The amount of ground water is ____ that of all rivers and lakes combined. | many times |
| ______ streams receive water from the saturated zone. | Gaining |
| ___ is becoming a serious problem as demand for drinking water increases in coastal cities. | Salt-water intrusion into wells |
Created by:
Thomas.Siu