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Carb Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glycogen | storage form of glucose it is a polysaccharide-1000 of glucose linked together. |
| glycogenolysis | break down of glycogen to glucose so body can use for energy. |
| glycogenesis | formation of glycogen from glucose. |
| glycolysis | glucose change to energy. |
| gluconeogenesis | new glucose from fat or protein |
| Where is glycogen made and stored? | made in liver, and stored in liver and muscle. |
| What does the live do for blood sugar? | Liver removes or adds sugar to the blood liver. |
| Where is insulin made? | Beta cells of Islets of Langerhans in pancreas. |
| What does insulin do? | Stimulates transport of glucose through the cell membrane. Must be present for glucose to enter the cells. |
| Where are ketone bodies made? | Made in liver. |
| What are ketone bodies made from | They are made from excess fatty acids. |
| Ketonuria | Ketone bodies in urine. |
| Ketoneemia | Ketone bodies in blood. |
| Ketoacidosis | Blood pH less than 7.35 do to Ketone Bodies in Blood. Ketones are Acid. |
| Hyperglycemia | High glucose level |
| Hypoglycemia | Low glucose level |
| glucosuria/glycosuria | glucose in urine - abnormal |
| renal threshold | Blood level above which glucose spills into urine. |
| Know IDDM? | Type I, Any age more common in youth 8-12. Symptons - Polyphagia, Polyuria, Polydipsia weight loss. |
| Know NIDDM? | Type II, Adult 90-95% Adult more common. Over 30. Happens over time. Symptons - None, wound infection, drowsey. |
| Which type of diabetes has a tendency to get ketoacidosis? | Type I, because they have no insulin of their own. |
| Which type of diabetes may be controlled by diet alone: | Type II |
| What do diabetics metabolize instead of glucose? | Fat lipid, triglycerides, fatty acids. |
| Diabetic Coma - Insulin level | None or low |
| Diabetic Coma - Blood glucose level | high |
| Diabetic Coma - Urine glucose | high |
| Diabetic Coma - Onset | hours to days |
| Diabetic Coma - Symptoms | deep breathing, dry tongue and skin, fruity breath, sleepy, coma |
| Insulin Shock - Insulin level | none |
| Insulin Shock - Blood Glucose level | to low |
| Insulin Shock - Urine glucose | negative |
| Insulin Shock - onset | Suddenly in minutes |
| Insulin Shock - Symptoms | shadlow breath, rapid heart, lite head, faint intoxicated or drunk acting thick speach |
| What samples are taken for OGTT | fASTEN 1, 2, 3, Hours glucola. |
| How is the 2 hours postprandial glucose test done? | 2 hours after a meal |
| what does the Hb-A1c test measure | measures hemoglobin A1(Hb-A1) combined with glucose, also called glycosylated hemoglobin. |
| What is the advantage of Hb-A1c test? | Reflects blood glucose over a 3 month period, 4 to 6% is normal. |
Created by:
stefaneks
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