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Bioexam1234
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bile: | is stored in the gall bladder. |
| A scientific theory is one that: | is supported by many years of experimentation all supporting the hypothesis. |
| If ingested food is absorbed in the small intestine, why is there an exit to the digestive system? | Not all that you ingest is digested and absorbed, this "leftover" must be eliminated. |
| Life gains most of its energy from: | sunlight. |
| The four stages of food processing, in sequential order, are: | ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. |
| In the colon: | water is absorbed from the digestive tract, returning to the blood and tissues of the body. |
| Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide |
| Which is the most important concept in achieving healthy diet? | a proper balance of foods |
| Once a scientist has formulated a hypothesis that generates a testable prediction, she will: | conduct a critical experiment. |
| All of the following are proteins except: A) cholesterol. B) insulin. C) an antibody. D) hemoglobin. E) an enzyme. | cholesterol. |
| In controlled experiments: | one variable is manipulated while others are held constant. |
| All of the following are elements of biological literacy EXCEPT: | All of the above are elements of biological literacy. |
| A complex polymer built of monosaccharides is called a(n): A) polypeptide. B) polysaccharide. C) protein. D) ketone. E) aldehyde. | polysaccharide. |
| Suppose you measure the height of two people. One is a woman who is 5 feet 10 inches tall. The other is a man who is 5 feet 6 inches tall. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion to draw from these measurements? | Some women are taller than some men. |
| Your friend believes astrology should be considered a scientific discipline and you want to explain to her why it is not. Which of the following arguments is the MOST sound reason why astrology is not considered a true scientific discipline? | Astrology cannot be tested and proved by controlled experiments. |
| Which of the following is not an important biological function of lipids? A) insulation B) regulation of growth and development C) energy storage D) protection of internal organs and tissues E) All of the above are true. | All of the above are true. |
| The pH of a fluid is a measure of: its capacity to function as a soap. how acidic or basic it is. the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in it. its enzymatic stability. the concentration of phosphate groups. | how acidic or basic it is. |
| Cows have large bacterial floras in their digestive system. Which of the following best explains why cows have microbes in their rumen? | The microbes metabolize the cellulose in the plants that cows eat. |
| Dietary fiber: A) is important to maintain health. B) binds to bile. C) speeds the movement of chyme. D) is indigestible plant material. E) All of the above. | All of the above. |
| Science is self-correcting. This means that: | science actively seeks to disprove its own theories and hypotheses. |
| When ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP, what happens? | One phosphate is removed. |
| A person who had their gall bladder removed might have difficulty in digesting which of the following components of their diet? | D) fats |
| Fermentation reactions generally occur under conditions of: A) low glucose levels. B) high oxygen concentrations. C) low methane concentrations. D) low oxygen concentrations. E) high temperatures. | high oxygen concentrations. |
| All organisms need energy. What are the two fundamentally different ways that they can get it? | They can make it themselves, such as plants do by photosynthesis, or they can eat other organisms, as most animals do. |
| Why must vegetarians worry about balancing complementary proteins? | Most plant proteins do not contain all of the essential amino acids. |
| Enzymes are proteins and therefore are composed of: A) nucleotides. B) amino acids. C) glucose and sucrose molecules. D) sucrose molecules. E) glucose molecules. | amino acids. |
| 27. The stomach: A) is lined with cells that can secrete highly acidic gastric juice. B) has muscular walls that can churn and mix the stomach's contents. C) is the chief digestive site of water absorption. D) Both a) and b) are correct. | D) Both a) and b) are correct. |
| Which of the following statements about cellulose is FALSE? | All of the above statements about cellulose are TRUE. |
| On food packages, “insoluble fiber” refers to plant material that we can't fully digest but is important for maintaining a healthy digestive tract. This substance refers to a(n): A) amino acid. B) carbohydrate. C) protein. D) lipid. E) nucleic acid. | carbohydrate. |
| Vitamins don't yield any usable energy. Rather: | they serve as collaborators with enzymes to enable the processing of the protein, carbohydrates, and fats we eat. |
| Which of the following is the outermost feature on the surface of a plant cell? A) lipid bilayer B) cholesterol C) cell wall D) glycoproteins E) sugar molecules | cell wall |
| Most mammals (including humans) prefer the taste of fats to carbohydrates and proteins. Why? | The caloric content of a gram of fat is more than double that of a gram of protein or carbohydrate. |
| An unsaturated fatty acid is one in which: | carbon-carbon double bonds are present in the hydrocarbon chain. |
| Which of the following is NOT a part of the alimentary canal? A) stomach B) esophagus C) mouth D) anus E) gall bladder | gall bladder |
| Which accessory orgain in the human digestive system produces the bile that help digest fat? A) small intestine B) salivary glands C) stomach D) pancreas E) liver | liver |
| The nutrients needed in the human diet are: | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. |
| Saturated fatty acids have _________________ than unsaturated fatty acids, which is why they exist as a ____________ at room temperature. | fewer double bonds; solid |
| Which of the following statements is CORRECT? | A hypothesis that does not generate a testable prediction is not useful. |
| Carbohydrates: A) act as a relatively quickly available source of fuel. B) serve as carbon skeletons that can be rearranged to form other molecules that are essential for biological structures and functions like nucleic acids. | C) in the form of oligosaccharides are often covalently bonded to proteins and lipids on the outer cell surface, where they serve as cell recognition signals. D) are a good source of sustained energy when they come in the form of polysaccharides. |
| Biology is ________. | the study of living things |
| Which of the following questions CANNOT be answered by the scientific method? | Did the United States act appropriately when it invaded Iraq? |
| A _____________ is a pill that looks identical to a pill that contains the active ingredient in a scientific trial, but contains no active ingredient itself. | placebo |
| “Engaging in aerobic activity three times each week will reduce cholesterol levels” is a: | testable hypothesis. |
| If your hypothesis is rejected, then: | you may still have learned something important about the system you were testing. |
| Prokaryotic organisms lack: | organelles |
| In which digestive phase do energy-rich molecules actually enter the bloodstream and tissues of the body? | absorption phase |
| Which of the following is nearly always a successful prescription for losing weight? | Eat less and move around more. |
| Which of the following areas is NOT heavily influenced by biology? | Biology heavily influences ALL of these areas. |
| You note a fuzzy growth on some of the gels in your incubator. What is the name given to this step of the scientific method? | observation |
| scientidiscovered a new species of grub worm. He would like to explore the possibility that in this grub worm the codon CUC is the start codon and codes for methionine not leucine as it does in other worms. | He has been unable to get his research funded to date most likely: the genetic code is universal to all species. |
| One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA is replaced by a different base in RNA. Which base is it, and what is it replaced by? | thymine, replaced by uracil |
| Why are viruses dependent on a host cell? | Viruses need the transcriptional and translational machinery of the host to reproduce. |
| Are mutations harmful or helpful? | Most mutations are harmful, but occasionally a mutation results in a new, useful trait. |
| A major difference between DNA and RNA is that: | all of these are correct |
| A nucleotide requires three phosphates in order to be added to the growing DNA strand. Why? | The energy from the cleavage of the first two phosphates provides the energy to covalently link the nucleotides together. |
| During transcription, at the point where the DNA strand being copied has an adenine, _______________ is added to the mRNA. | a uracil |
| The three nonsense codons that do not code for any amino acid, UAA, UAG, and UGA, are also known as: | stop codons. |
| Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amounts in DNA? adenine and thymine adenine and guanine guanine and cytosine thymine and guanine Both a) and c) are correct. | Both a) and c) are correct. |
| The first gene therapy experiments were undertaken in an attempt to cure otherwise fatal genetic diseases in children. What type of incurable genetic disease was the first gene therapy trial attempting to cure? | Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) |
| In order for a eukaryotic cell to undergo reproduction and divide, certain steps must be successfully completed. Select from the choices below the one that is NOT one of these necessary steps. | There must be proper reshuffling of the genetic material in order to provide diversity within the gametes. |
| The technique in which a non-functioning gene is replaced by a functioning gene in somatic cells is called: | gene therapy. |
| DNA is a macromolecule that stores information. Which component of the nucleotide contains this information? | the base |
| The expression of a gene to form a polypeptide occurs in two major steps. What are these two steps in their correct chronological order? | transcription and then translation |
| Which of the following can be said about a frameshift mutation? | It changes the reading frame of the protein coding sequence. It must involve the insertion or deletion of nucleotides. |
| In most bacteria, the DNA is carried: A) in a single circular chromosome. B) in two circular chromosomes. C) in a single linear chromosome. D) in multiple circular chromosomes. E) in multiple linear chromosomes. | in a single circular chromosome. |
| A segment of DNA normally reads AACGTC but now reads AAGGTC. This is an example of a _____ . neutral mutation frameshift muation base substitution mutation both C and D are correct | both C and D are correct |
| A codon is: | The triplet code in RNA which determines the identity of a corresponding amino acid |
| An important difference between mRNA and DNA is: | mRNA contains uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA. |
| There is a difference between HIV and AIDS becasue: | HIV is a virus. AIDS is the disease caused by the virus. A person can have HIV, but not AIDS; however a person who has AIDS must have HIV. |
| The process of using the information encoded in mRNA molecules to assemble polypeptides from amino acids is called: | translation. |
| To get from a gene to a protein, two processes must occur: transcription, in which ____________________________, and translation, in which ____________________________. | a copy of the gene's sequence of bases is made; that copy is used to direct the production of a protein |
| When a triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is GCA, the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed from it is: | CGU. |
| Why will a plasmid readily incorporate DNA from a foreign source? | Because the plasmid and foreign DNA are both exposed to the same restriction enzymes. |
| Restriction enzymes that are used in biotechnology come from: | bacteria |
| The combination of DNA from two or more sources is called: | recombinant DNA. |
| Based on the following table of genetic markers, how likely is it that the alleged father is, in fact, father to this child? | It is highly unlikely that he is the father. |
| What can cause a mutation? | All of these can cause mutations |
| In any DNA molecule, the number of guanine bases will: | always be equal to the number of cytosine bases. |
| Which of the following correctly describes the locations of transcription and translation within a eukaryotic cell? | DNA is transcribed in the nucleus, then the mRNA transcript is transported to the cytosol to be translated into protein. |
| Bt corn is a genetically engineered plant. What feature gives it value as a crop plant? | The plant produces a toxin designed to kill corn borers. |
| A VNTR is: | A region of DNA containing short, repeated sequences that is used to determine the relatedness of individuals |
| Semi-conservative replication of DNA means that: | Half of the DNA each daughter cell receives comes directly from the original parent cell's DNA double helix |
| The highest percentage of non-coding DNA is found in: | eukaryotes, with the exception of yeasts. |
| Mutations may result from: exposure to harmful conditions exposure to certain viruses errors while copying DNA inheritance if the mutation occurs in sex cells All of the these can cause mutations. | All of the these can cause mutations. |
| DNA is now often used as evidence in criminal trials. It is particularly useful because it can be found in: hair. saliva. blood. dead skin cells. All of the above are correct. | All of the above are correct. |
| Cells have a variety of different characteristics, despite the fact that all of the cells in your body have the same DNA. This is due to differences in__________. | gene expression |
| A frameshift mutation: | results from an insertion or deletion in a DNA sequence. |
| A given section of DNA with the sequence AATGGCTAT is transcribed. What is the corresponding sequence on the mRNA transcription? | UUACCGAUA |
| The following is an example of a mutation: | Changing a guanine to an adenine in a DNA sequence An insertion of a nucleotide into a DN A sequence The deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence Changing a pyrimidine to a purine in a DNA sequence All of these are mutations |
| The complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule are stabilized by: | weak hydrogen bonds. |
| Gene therapy involves: | introducing non-defective genes into the cells of an individual with a genetic disorder. |
| Transgenic bacteria are bacteria: | that have a sequence of DNA from another organism inserted into them. |
| Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body cannot produce ________________, a chemical that allows cells to take up and break down sugar from the blood. | insulin |
| One of the possible concerns about genetically modified foods is that they might kill organisms that we don't want to kill. Which of the following is an example of this phenomenon? | The pollen from plants containing insect-killing Bt genes can be blown onto other plants. Insects that we don't want to kill, such as monarch butterflies, may be killed by such pollen. |
| The flu shot is different from the nasal spray vaccine because | The shot is composed of killed virus, whereas the nasal spray has a virus that is weakened, but still alive |
| During the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two strands of DNA are separated by: | exposure to heat. |
| Errors sometimes occur when DNA duplicates itself. Why might that be a good thing? | Most errors in DNA are bad, but some create new, useful versions of genes that can be acted on by natural selection. |
| In humans, ______ of our DNA is coding DNA. | less than 5% |
| The phenotype of an organism is: | its physical characteristics. |
| Anatomical homology in vertebrate forelimbs is considered to be evidence for evolution because: | similarities among vertebrate forelimbs suggest that they evolved from a common ancestor. |
| Many mosquito populations today are resistant to pesticides that were historically effective. This pesticide resistance arose in these populations because: | some individuals were resistant to the pesticides before they were used, and those mosquitoes were more likely to survive and reproduce. |
| The fact that fish, penguins, and dolphins all have the same basic shape is BEST explained by which of the following? | Fish, penguins, and dolphins all faced the same physical constraints during their evolution and converged upon the same body plan. |
| Which three sets of accessory glands add secretions to the semen in human males? | the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands |
| Evolution is defined as: | a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time. |
| If a true-breeding (homozygous), blue-flowered plant was crossed with a true-breeding white-flowered plant, what phenotypic ratio would we observe in the progeny resulting from this cross? Assume the white-flowered trait is completely dominant. | 100% white |
| In certain plants, red flowers are dominant to white flowers. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous red-flowered plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be white-flowered? | 0% |
| Population bottlenecks occur when: | all of the above are correct |
| A primary function of the prostate gland is: | to produce the fluid (non-sperm) components of semen. |
| The longer two species have been evolving on their own, the greater the number of _____________________ that accumulate between them. | genetic differences |
| Is it possible for a woman to have a X-linked recessive trait? If it is, how can this occur? Yes, a woman can have an X-linked recessive trait if both her father has the trait and her mother is homozygous for the trait. | Yes, a woman can have an X-linked recessive trait if both her father has the trait and her mother is heterozygous for the trait. |
| Somatic cells can include: kidney cells. heart cells. sperm cells. All of the above are correct. Both a) and b) are correct. | Both a) and b) are correct. |
| What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection? | Artificial selection requires human intervention, whereas natural selection does not require human intervention. |
| To which one of the following is the bat's wing NOT homologous? the lion's foreleg the dragonfly's wing the human's arm the whale's flipper the bird's wing | the dragonfly's wing |
| Most genes come in alternative forms called: chromosomes. gametes. recessives. alleles. dominants. | alleles. |
| The SRY gene on the Y chromosome: | causes fetal gonads to develop as testes shortly after fertilization. |
| How can two pea plants that have different genotypes for seed color be identical in phenotype? | One of the two plants could be homozygous for the dominant allele while the other could be heterozygous. |
| Cystic fibrosis, which is usually lethal before reproductive ages, is a homozygous recessive disease. Why do cases continue to arise, even though people with the disease rarely live to reproduce? | The harmful allele can reside in heterozygous individuals with few to no negative effects. |
| In pea plants, purple flower color is dominant to white flower color. If two pea plants that are true-breeding (homozygous) for white flowers are crossed, in the offspring: | all of the flowers will be white. |
| The technology where transplanting the nucleus from a donor cell into an egg that has had its nucleus removed and then allowing this egg to develop into an embryo and ultimately a baby animal is known as: | cloning |
| The average time to death from starvation in a fruit fly is about 20 hours. Selecting for increased starvation resistance in fruit flies: | can produce populations in which the average time to death from starvation is more than 160 hours. |
| The completion of meiosis II in the oocyte of human females occurs: | only after the oocyte is fertilized by a spermatazoan. |
| The egg cells of a horse contain 32 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the horse's liver cells? | 64 |
| A cross between homozygous red-eyed flies and homozygous white-eyed flies results in progeny that all have red eyes. This result demonstrates: | dominance. |
| In humans, both sexes have the same number of autosomes but different ratios of sex chromosomes. Males are XY and females are XX. Which of the following statements comparing the X and Y chromosomes is NOT true? | Genetic instructions on the X chromosome instruct the fetal gonads to develop as testes rather than ovaries. |
| Tiger beetles | genetic drift |
| Which of the following is a single-gene trait? | the widow's peak hairline |
| The circular muscle at the opening to the uterus in human females is called the: | cervix |
| What structure in a sperm cell contains what might be called "a cap or bag containing digestive enzymes"? | acrosome |
| Which of the following statements is NOT important to Darwin's theory of natural selection? | Offspring tend to inherit characteristics acquired by their parents during their lifetimes. |
| Albinism (lack of skin and hair pigmentation) is caused by a recessive autosomal allele. A woman and man, both normally pigmented, have an albino child together. For this trait, what is the genotype of the albino child? | homozygous recessive |
| The majority of a eukaryotic cell's life is spent in an “in-between-division” stage referred to as: | interphase. |
| In what way does egg production differ from sperm production in humans? | Each egg is considerably larger than a sperm. |
| A diploid individual with two identical alleles for a particular gene is said to be: | homozygous for that gene. |
| In many species of birds, males are XX and females are XZ. With birds like this, who is most likely to display a sex-linked recessive trait? | females |
| A population is: | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same general location and have the potential to interbreed. |
| The ____________ is the site of pregnancy in the human female. | uterus |
| In humans, X-linked traits: | occur on the X chromosome. |
| “Survival of the fittest” may be a misleading phrase to describe the process of evolution by natural selection because: | survival matters less to natural selection than reproductive success does. |
| Natural selection can only act on traits: | that are heritable. |
| Which of the following is NOT generally correct about the difference between egg and sperm in sexually reproducing animals? | Eggs have more chromosomes than do sperm. |
| Cytokinesis: | refers to the division of a cell's cytoplasm. |
| Why is trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) so much more common than trisomy 13 or trisomy 1? | Nondisjunctions with large chromosomes, like 13 and 1 are more likely result in the death of the embryo, than nondisjunctions in smaller chromosomes like 21 |
| To demonstrate evolution by natural selection, all of the following conditions must be satisfied EXCEPT: | low environmental variation. |
| Trisomy 21 is a consequence of _______________________, the unequal distribution of chromosomes during meiosis. | nondisjunction |
| What are the two major methods of cellular division in eukaryotic cells? | meiosis and mitosis |
| Natural selection results from interactions between: | individual organisms and their environment. |
| How many sex chromosomes does the normal human female inherit from her mother? | 1 |
| The origin of all genetic variation is: | Mutation |
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