The three types of settlements during the conquest of Mexico were:

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LAH1093 Final Exam

Question	Answer
Capital of Argentina	Buenos Aires
Capital of Bolivia	La Paz
Capital of Brazil	Brasilia
Capital of Chile	Santiago
Capital of Colombia	Bogotá
Capital of Ecuador	Quito
Capital of Guyana	Georgetown
Capital of Paraguay	Asunción
Capital of Peru	Lima
Capital of Uruguay	Montevideo
Capital of Venezuela	Caracas
Capital of Nicaragua	Managua
Capital of Honduras	Tegucigalpa
Capital of Cuba	Havana
Capital of Guatemala	Guatemala City
Capital of Panama	Panama City
Capital of Costa Rica	San Jose
Dominican Republic	Santo Domingo
Capital of Haiti	Port-au-Prince
Capital of Belize	Belmopan
Capital of El Salvador	San Salvador
Hernan Cortes is universally portrayed as the ___, whereas Montezuma is portrayed as the ___.	Victor; vanquished
______ _____ were more of a performance than a war, and they were for purposes of ritual sacrifice.	Flowery wars
The three types of settlements during the conquest of Mexico were:	~ Sedentary ~ Semi-sedentary ~ Non-sedentary
Ancient Mexico practiced ______ religions.	Polytheistic
Three major Pre-Columbian civilizations were the:	Maya, Inca, and Nahua (Aztec)
The Mayans spoke:	Quiche
The Inca spoke:	Quechua
_____ _____ was the conquistador that invaded Spain.	Hernan Cortes
The Mexica ruler at the time of Cortes' invasion was:	Montezuma
The ______ _____ was the group of people who tortured those who deviated from the dictates of Catholicism.	Spanish Inquisition
Doña Marina was the "first" ______, served as a translator for _______, and is considered to be:	Mestizo; Cortes; Traitor
"La Noche Triste" was a sad night for the ______. _______ was killed.	Spanish/Montezuma
_________ was the last Mexica ruler.	Cuahtemoc
One of the biggest killers of the Inca people was ______, not necessarily the invasion.	Smallpox
____ and ____ battle for the Inca throne, which resulted in a:	~ Atahualpa; Huascar ~ Divided nation
Peru was invaded by:	Francisco Pizarro
Is Atahualpa killed?	Yes
______ __ ______ was a female conquistador who helped invade Argentina and Spain.	Isabel de Guevara
______ ______ was a female conquistador who helped invade Chile.	Ines Suarez
____ ____ was the last Inca ruler.	Tupac Amaru
The _____ _____ was a patent to collect labor.	Encomienda System
The melding of ethnicities, cultures, beliefs,and economies is called:	Transculturation
A system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line is called _____.	Patriarchy
Leadership or dominance, esp. by one country or social group is called ______.	Hegemony
________ __ _____ _____ was a Dominican friar who wanted to protect the Natives.	Bartolome de las Casas
The _____ ______ was another name for the poor treatment of the Natives by the Spanish.	Black legend
The _____ of _____ was an agreement between Spain and Portugal to divide up the newly discovered lands.	Treaty of Tordesillas
The semi-sedentary people of Brazil who lived in the forests were known as the _____ people.	Tupi
Spaniards from Spain were called:	Peninsulares
Spanish born in Latin America were called:	Creoles
A person of both Spanish and Native descent was a:	Mestizo
A person of African and Spanish descent was called a:	Mulatto
A person of both Native and African descent was called a:	Zambo
The slip of paper that would allow one to "go up a level" in the social class was called the:	Gracias al Sacar
The Virgin of Guadalupe has a ____ identity.	Chicano
The blending of two religions is called:	Syncretism
The merging of two or more cultures is called:	Transculturation
One of the most revolutionary women was __ ___ ___ _ _ ____, who was a nun.	Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
The largest landholder at these times was:	The Catholic Church
The first successful slave revolt took place during the ____ ____.	Haitian Revolution
Who was Toussaint L'Ouveture?	He initiated the successful slave revolt in Haiti.
Jean Jacques Dessalines declared himself to be the first:	Emperor of Haiti
The document that prevented the US from trading with Haiti was the:	Haitian Embargo Bill
The Bourbon Reform is sometimes called:	The Second Conquest of Mexico.
Iturbide was the first ___ __ ___ in 1822.	Emperor of Mexico.
____ _____ was the first Mexican president.	Guadalupe Victoria
An ____ is a rebel or a revolutionary.	Insurgent
_______ __ _______ was a Venezuelan revolutionary who preceded Simon Bolivar.	Francisco de Miranda
_____ ______ was a protector of Peru and in favor of monarchy.	San Martin
______ _____ is the most famous liberator of all time. He is of _______ descent and he liberated many countries in S. America from Spain.	Simon Bolivar
Bolivia is named after:	Simon Bolivar
______ are Venezuelan or Colombians herders/cowboys.	Llaneros
Manuela Beltran, Juana Azurduy, and Policarpa Salvarietta are examples of:	Patriotic women who became powerful symbols.
Are Bolivar's actions appreciated right away?	No; he isn't valued until 12 years after his passing.
Following Bolivar's passing, the _______ tendency of Venezuela is revived and it becomes both ______ and ______.	Authoritarian; Populist, Socialist
____ ____ declared the independence of Brazil.	Prince Pedro
Althoug he was Portuguese-born, ____ ___ considered himself American and incorporated American-born people into his government.	Prince Pedro
_____ ____ was the first woman as head of state in the Western Hemisphere, and she ended slavery in Brazil.	Princess Isabel
James Monroe created the _____ ____< which states that Europe can no longer intervene in the Americas.	Monroe Doctrine
Disputes between liberals and conservatives lead to:	An economic downfall.
After this economic downfall:	Liberal ideas fell away
Who had control over the newly independent nations?	Rich landowners (otherwise known as Caudillos)
A ______ is a rich landowner or a Latin-American military dictator.	Caudillo
_____ ____ is an arrangement whereby a person is forced to pay off a loan with direct labor in place of currency.	Debt peonage
The power structure in new Latin America shifted in such a way that:	The lower began to develop more power.
The belief widely held by Americans in the 19th century that the United States was destined to expand across the continent was the _____ _____.	Manifest Destiny
The Manifest Destiny was used by America to justify:	The war with Mexico
The Roosevelt Corollary is a corollary to the ___ ______ ______.	The Monroe Doctrine
The ____ ______ states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European Nations and Latin American countries (to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers.)	Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary is backwards in the sense that:	It tell Europe to stay out of Latin America, but it gives the right for the US to come in the same way Europe would.
A ______ is a father figure.	Patrón
A ____ _____ is a ____ ____ person.	Wealthy White
Saying "I'm from Mexico CITY" rather than "I'm from Mexico" is an example of ______, otherwise noted as "____ _____;" it's the way you define yourself.	Regionalism; Patria Chica
Latin America looked to ____ and the _____ for ideas on culture and government.	Europe/US
____ ____ was a Cuban independence fighter who fought against US expansionism into Cuba.	Jose Marti
Was Jose Marti and Imperialist or an Anti-imperialist?	Anti-Imperialist
A ___________ is a woman from Guantanamo.	Guantanamera
Ultramontanism emphasizes the power of ___ _____ _____ and clashes with:	The Catholic Church; liberalism
The last country to abolish slavery is ____, after which their monarchy collapses.	Brazil
The Triple Alliance war consisted of the joined forces of ____, ____, and _____; they decimate Paraguay.	Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina
Pamphlets and brochures used to sway the US's opinion a certain way were called:	Filibusters
The President of Nicaragua who wanted to reinstate slavery was ____ _____, who was also equated with ____ ____.	William Walker; Yankee Imperialism
The US and other countries were interested in Nicaragua because they could built _____/_____ through it and for trading purposes.	Canals/Waterways
In the Battle of Rivas, ___ _____s and _________s fought with _________s to get William Walker out.	Costa Ricans; Hondurans; Nicaraguans
_____ kills more people in the Battle of Rivas than the fight itself.	Cholera
The ____ _____ _____, instated by Roosevelt, upheld the idea of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America.	Good Neighbor Policy
The ____ _____ _____ resulted in the removal of U.S. Marines from Haiti and Nicaragua in 1934	Good Neighbor Policy
The ___ ____ was the tense relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) during the 46-year period following the World War II's end, but before the end of the Soviet Union. It refers to the time between 1945 and 1991.	Cold War
_______ in Latin America rose during the Cold War.	Nationalism
____ ____ is the effort of the United States—particularly under President William Howard Taft—to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries; this was always peaceful.	Dollar Diplomacy
The goal of _______ should be to create stability abroad, and through this stability promote American commercial interests.	(Dollar) Diplomacy
Under the ______ _______ _______, the military became the force ultimately responsible for Latin American security and development, as well as the destiny of the western world.	National Security Doctrine
The victor in the Spanish-American war was:	The US
What ends the Spanish-American war?	The Treaty of Paris.
The ______ ___ _____ resulted in Spain surrendering control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, parts of the West Indies, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States in exchange for __ _________.	Treaty of Paris; $20 million
The Platt Amendment states that:	The US Marines can go into Cuba whenever they want.
___ ____ is the founder of the Cuba Revolutionary party.	Jose Marti
The Battleship Maine was a boat that ____; the US blames _____ for it.	Explodes; Spain
Where in Cuba is/was the US naval base?	Guantanamo Bay
Lola Rodriguez de Tio was a ____ _____ ______ who met with _____ ____.	Puerto Rican nationalist; Jose Marti
___% of all US investments were going to Latin America.	40%
The ____ _____ ____ was a 13-day confrontation between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side, and the United States on the other.	Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban missile crisis was critical because:	It was the closest we came to nuclear conflict during the Cold War.
The ___ ___ ____ invasion was an unsuccessful military invasion of Cuba undertaken by a paramilitary group.	Bay of Pigs invasion
The ____ _____ _____ was an American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (primarily bananas) grown on Central and South American plantations and sold in the United States and Europe; the company is now called ____.	United Fruit Company; Chiquita
During the times of neocolonialism, ___ and ____ were some of the small products that led to benefit the middle class.	Tobacco (in Brazil and Cuba) and Coffee (in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Puerto Rico)
____ ____ allowed for warships to be sent out to Latin America whenever/wherever something went wrong.	Gunboat Diplomacy
___ _______ _______ ___ _______ was the national guard/military police force of Nicaragua who were trained and equipped by the ______.	La Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua
The Marines had links to ____ and the _____ family, both of which had great power in Nicaragua.	Paramilitaries; Somoza
____ ____ was a Nicaraguan poet who started a Spanish-American literary movement.	Ruben Dario
______ _____ was a Nicaraguan Nationalist who critized US Imperialism (Though he wasn't a Marxist or Communist, he was Anti-imperialist like ____ ____)	Augusto Sandino; Jose Marti
_______ ______ led a guerrilla war against US occupation in Latin America.	Augusto Sandino
Bolivar, Hidalgo, and San Martin all fought for ____ _____ _____.	Latin American Independence
_____ ______ ______ was an El Salvadorian Communist who led a peasant uprising.	Augustin Farabundo Marti
During __ ______, otherwise known as "The Slaughter," 10-30,000 people had been killed over the course of 2 days.	La Matanza
Europeans had been imported into L. America in an effort to "____" the race.	Whiten
The neocolonial model is shattered by ___ _____ _____, after which the US moves away from blatant intervention.	The Great Depression/ stock market crash
The dance Brazil is known for is the ____.	Samba
____ ____ was an incredibly popular Brazilian singer/actor; the Chiquita girl is modeled after her.	Carmen Miranda
The _____ _______ was an armed revolt lead by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement. It was against the government of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.	Cuban Revolution
The ____ _____ ended on January 1, 1959, when Batista was forced to leave the country and contol of the cities Santa Clara and Santiago de Cuba was taken by rebels	Cuban Revolution
A "vende patria," otherwise known as a "country seller," was someone who:	"Sold their self out" to the US
Brazil and Mexico were nationalized by the ____ industry, which were owned by the US.	Oil
______ ______ was the commander of the Army established by the US in the DR.	Rafael Trujilo
_____ ______ was the head of the National Guard established by the US in Nicaragua.	Anastasio Somoza
Coca-Cola originally had ____ in it; it eventually became a _____ _____.	Cocaine; global empire
Jose Vasconcelos was the ____ ___ ________ in Mexio and the author of "La raza cosmica"	Minister of Education
____ ____ was the first Latin American winner of the Nobel Peace prize.	Gabriela Mistral
Indigenismo excluded:	Africans
Joe Carioca is the ____ ____ in Disney movies! :D	Green parrot
Donald Duck was often associated with _____ and the ____ _____.	Capitalism; the dependency theory
Getulio Vargas painted the "Estado Novo," otherwise known as the _____ ____	New Man
Dolores del Rio, like Carmen Miranda, went to the US. Unlike her, however:	Her native land did not deem her a traitor or anything of the sort.
____ ____ was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as Defense Minister of Guatemala and as President of Guatemala.	Jacobo Arbenz
_____ initiates land reform in Guatemala, with which the ___ becomes directly threatened.	Arbenz; US
Diego River was a ____.	Communist
Arbenz resigns from his position after:	10 days of psychological warfare imposed by the US
_______ was the first nation to abhor the Good Neighbor policy.	Guatemala
The goals of the Cuban Revolution were to: ~ O_____ t__ G_____ ~ E______ t__ M_____ C____ ~ L____ R_____	~ Overthrow the government ~ Expand the middle class ~ Land Reform
Jose Marti was called __ ____, since he warned about US Imperialism.	the apostle
Granma was:	A yacht used during the Cold War
The Cold war was between the US and the ____ ____	Soviet union ~ Low intensity fightin ~ Espionage was involved, as well as propaganda
There are many issues/improvements in Cuba following the Cold War with just a few issues/improvements.	Improvements (ie. healthcare, malnutrition, literacy); issues (ie. shortages leading to rationing)
After the Bay of Pigs, Castro declares Cuba to be a ____ country.	Socialist
The ______ ___ _____ _____ was a weapon used to form US policy in Laitn America.	Organization of American States (tried to turn everyone against Cuba except USSR)
______ Guerrillas/terrorists/traffickers/culture/corridos all became issues to the US.	"Narco-" (meaning drug)
These narco people prayed to ____ _______, who was a folk saint.	Virgin of Guadelupe / Jesus Malverde
FARC-	Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
As a part of ______ _____, the Catholic church was heavily involved in the ______ ______.	Liberation theology; Zapatista movement; results in mistrust of the state
ICE (_________ _____ ________ _______) was formed by the ________ __ _______ ________; its goal is to:	Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security; Seek out Latin American immigrants who are illegal
Extradition:	Being sent back to home countru
Noriega was drug dealing partners with and was supported by the ___ initially before he took trafficking too far.	Escobar, one of the most famous drug dealers of all time.
Lazcano was the founder of the ____ cartel of _____.	Zetas; Mexico
Were women involved in the drug trade alongside men?	Yes
Some super cartels were so complex, they even had ____.	CEOs
Santa Muerte was a symbol of:	The drug trade
Evo Morales is the:	President of Bolivia
_____ ______ was the President of Mexico who politcal style was described as "pan, o palo," meaning:	Porfirio Díaz; one could either accept what was given willingly (often a position of political power) or else face harsh consequences (often death).
The _____ ______ was the killing of student and civilian protesters as well as bystanders by Mexican government employees that took place during the afternoon and night	Tlatelolco Massacre
is a Peruvian Maoist group which is based on communist ideology led by ____ _____. Several important members of the group were captured.	Shining Path; Abimael Guzmán
FMLN	The Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front is, since 1992, a left-wing political party in El Salvador and formerly a coalition of five guerrilla organizations.
FSLN	The Sandinista National Liberation Front is a social-democratic[2] political party in Nicaragua, named after Augusto César Sandino who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the US occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.
ELN	National Liberation Army ~ Colombia= Terrorism ~ In Bolivia= Marxist-Leninist guerrilla organization ~ In Peru= Peruvian guerrilla band
FARC	The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia are a Colombian Marxist–Leninist revolutionary guerrilla organization involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict. (peasant army) (anti-imperialism)
Neoliberalism	~ Continuous growing of urban population = result ~ Rich got richer
President of Brazil:	Getulio Vargas

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