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List three ways Egyptian civilization depended on the Nile River for its survival
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Identify the three main periods of early Egyptian history and describe one significant achievement in each.
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9th history s.a. #2
9th grade history midterm review for short answer (number 2)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List three ways Egyptian civilization depended on the Nile River for its survival | Egypt depended on the Nile to irrigate its field, to cover it's farmland with silt and make it fertile, and for transportation |
| Identify the three main periods of early Egyptian history and describe one significant achievement in each. | Old Kingdom- built pyramids, centralized government; Middle Kingdom- created new farmland, made canals, expanded trade ties with other Middle Eastern peoples New Kingdom- advancements in sciences, expanded Egyptian empire to reach the Euphrates River |
| Describe two pieces of historical evidence that support the idea that the Egyptians believed in life after death. | Evidence includes the art of mummification and other burial practices; writings on monuments and wall paintings in tombs; pyramid building |
| How did farming technology transform the lives of the Neolithic people? | Farming technology enabled people to settle down into permanent villages and produce their own food, instead of relying wholly on their environment. This change was the inspiration for New Stone Age people to develop a new set of skills and tools. The Neo |
| Explain how the geographic theme of human-environment interaction helps us understand the rise of the first cities | People who built the first cities used the environment - the water and fertile land of river valleys - to grow crops that would sustain an expanding population. In turn, the environment, particularly the need to control the rivers' waters, led ancient peo |
| Compare the geography of Mesopotamia and Egypt. How were they similar and how were they different. | They are similar in that they both have rivers that provide water and fertile soil left behind after the rivers flood. They are different in that Egypt is protected by deserts on two sides, the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and the cataracts in the Nile |
| Explain how the laws and ideas of the ancient Hebrews still influence our life today. | Hebrew laws like the Ten Commandments still guide our moral conduct in society. Hebrew beliefs also influence our ideas about social justice, especially ideas about mercy and compassion for the less fortunate. |
| List three advances in technology and learning made by peoples of the ancient Middle East and tell why each one was important. | wheeled vehicles-helped transportation and trade iron working-could make stronger weapons and more sophisticated farming tools hieroglyphics and cuneiform-made record keeping possible alphabet-make writing quicker and easier astronomy-led to the devel |
| Explain how Hebrew religious beliefs differed from the beliefs of other peoples in the ancient Middle East. | The Hebrews were monotheistic while most other peoples were polytheistic. They believed that God handed down a moral law that bound the actions of all people, including rulers. |
| Based on the religious beliefs of the Sumerians and the Hebrews, compare how these two peoples viewed the world. | The Sumerians seemed to feel their world was unpredictable and that they were at the mercy of capricious gods. Based upon their belief that people descended into a grim underworld upon death, they do not appear to have been optimistic. The Hebrews, on the |
| How does geography help explain why several civilizations developed in Mesopotamia, while only one grew up in Egypt? | The location of Egypt isolated it from migrating peoples and protected it from invaders. The land of Mesopotamia is relatively open and unprotected. As a result, Mesopotamia attracted different peoples with different cultures and technological achievement |
| Describe the effect geography had on the development of early civilization in China. | The fertile plains of the Huang He River allowed early Chinese farmers to grow a surplus of crops and feed the large population necessary to support the development of civilization. Long distances and physical barriers, including the Himalaya Mountains an |
| Imagine you are living during the time of the Shang dynasty. Explain the flooding of the Huang He in terms of the dynastic cycle. | The river flooded because the current dynasty has neglected its duties and, as a result, is losing its divine permission from Heaven to rule. |
| Imagine that you are a Chinese peasant and the Huang He has flooded and destroyed your harvest. Explain this occurrence in terms of the forces of yin and yang. | The forces of yin and yang must not be in harmony. Someone is responsible for this imbalance. Perhaps the king has not been ruling well or has forgotten to make the proper sacrifices to Heaven. |
| In what ways were Chandragupta Maurya and Shi Huangdi alike? | Both established an empire, created a centralized government, imposed harsh rule, and carried out internal improvements. |
| Explain why Confucianism never became a religion as Hinduism or Buddhism did. | Confucianism was concerned with worldly goals, such as good government and social order. It did not address religious matters as Hinduism and Buddhism did. |
| How did Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism help create orderly societies? | Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism all placed value on harmony, duty, and nonviolence. |
| How were Gupta India and Han China alike? | Gupta India and Han China both produced a golden age of learning in which the arts and technology flourished. |
| Explain how the caste system ensured a stable social order in China. | The caste system gave people a sense of identity. Indian people fulfilled their duties in order to achieve a higher state in the next life. People of different castes depended on one another to meet their needs. The caste system allowed diverse people to |
| Explain how the teachings of Confucius promoted social harmony in China. | Confucius taught that everyone has duties and responsibilities according to his or her place in society. He stressed correct behavior based on key relationships. Confucian values promoted harmony through honesty, hard work, and concern for others. |
| What united the Greeks in spite of divisions caused by geography and economic rivalry? | Greeks spoke the same language, honored the same heroes, and prayed to the same gods. In the Persian Wars, they united against a common enemy and won. They considered themselves superior to non-Greeks. |
| How did geography make Alexandria the center of the Hellenistic world? | Alexandria was located on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia. It was accessible to people and goods from three continents. |
| How did Pericles turn Athens into the cultural center of Greece? | Pericles hired the best architects, sculptors, thinkers, writers, and artists. He supported building programs and public festivals to encourage the arts. |
| Why was Italy easier to unify than Greece? | Italy is a peninsula centrally located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is not broken up into small, isolated valleys like Greece. The Apennine Mountains are less rugged than the mountains of Greece. Italy also has broad, fertile plains that support a growing |
| How did the wealth of the Roman empire cause social problems? | A wide gap between rich and poor caused social unrest. Many farmers lost their land because they could not compete with the large estates owned by wealthy Romans. |
| How did geography help the Romans build a world empire? | Italy is a peninsula located in the center of the Mediterranean Sea. Rome is located in the center of Italy. The location allowed Romans to expand into Italy, then into the lands around the Mediterranean. |
| Explain how Roman ideas served as a model for democratic governments. | Common people gained representation and protection of their rights under Roman rule. Rome provided a system of checks on the power of government. Laws were written, and citizens could appeal a judgment against them. Elected officials could veto laws they |
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christenr