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Chapter 22
Physical Therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physical medicine | branch of medicine that uses physical devices or agents hterapeutically for the idagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of disease. also call physiatry. |
| Rehabilitation | restoration of those functions that have been affected by a pt's injuries or disease. |
| Sports medicine | branch of medicine that specializes in prevention and treatment of injuries caused by athletic participation. involve muscle strains, sprains, and tears. |
| Physiatrist | physician specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation. |
| Fitness | overall good physical condition, including cardiovascular strength, muscular strength, and flexibility. |
| Range of motion (ROM) | degree to which a joint is able to move, measured in degrees with a protractor-like device called a goniometer. |
| Flexion | bending movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton, such as the elbo, that decreases the angle between the two adjoining bones. |
| Extention | straightening movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton, such as the knee, that increases the angle between the two adjoining bones. |
| Hyperextension | position of maximum extension, or the extension of a body part beyond its normal limits. |
| Reduction | correction of a fracture, dislocation, or hernia |
| Lordosis (swayback) | exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar spine. |
| Kyphosis | abnormally increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine. also colloquially called hunch-back or humpback |
| Scoliosis | lateral deviation in the normal vertical curve of the spine |
| Osteoporosis | reduction in the mass of bone per unit of volume that interferes with the mechanical support function of bone, causing bone fractures in situations that would not normally damage the skeleton. |
| Luxation | complete dislocation of the bone from the join |
| Subluxation | incomplete dislocation of the bone from the joint. |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of tendons. Tendonitis is one of the most common causes of acute pain in the shoulder. |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities of body and trunk. |
| Parplegia | paralysis of the lower portion of the body, usually caused by spinal cord injury or disease. |
| Hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body. Three types: cerebral, facial, and spastic. |
| Hemiparesis | muscular weakness of one half of the body |
| Cerebral palsy | nonprogressive paralysis due to defects in or trauma to the brain, especially at birth. |
| Gait | style of walking. |
| Goniometry | measurement of joint mobility. |
| Goniometer | device used to measure the degree of joint movement. |
| Electromyography | process of electrically recording muscle action potentials. |
| Abduction | movement away from the midline of body or away from axis of a limb |
| Adduction | movement toward the midline of the body or toward the axis of a limb |
| Circumduction | circular movement of a body part |
| Dorsiflextion | upward or backward movement of a body part |
| Eversion | outward movement of a body part |
| Extension | movement that spreads two body parts or that opens a joint. |
| Flexion | movement that brings together two body parts or that closes a joint |
| Inversion | Inward movement of a body part |
| Plantar flexion | downward movement of a body part |
| Pronation | twisting movement that brins a palm facing downward |
| Rotation | movment of a body part around its axis |
| Abduction | rasisng an arm straight out to the side |
| Adduction | lowering a raised arm to the side |
| Circumduction | performing arm circles |
| Dorsiflexion | flexing a foot so that the toes point upward |
| Eversion | moving an ankle so that the sole of the foot turns outward |
| Extension | straightening a leg by unvending the knee |
| Flexion | bending a leg at the knee |
| Inversion | moving an ankle so that the sole of the foot turns inward |
| Plantar flexion | flexing a foot so the the toes point downward |
| Pronation | turning a wrist so that the palm faces downward |
| Rotation | turning the head from side to side |
| Supination | turing a wrist so that the palm faces upward |
| Physical therapy | treatment of disorders with physical agents and methods such as massage, manipulation, therapeutic exercise, cold, heat, hydrotherapy, and electrical stimulation. |
| Physcial therapist | allied health professional who has completed at least a 4-yr baccalaureate training program in physical therapy and has received state licensure. |
| Thermotherapy | treatment of disease by application of heat. used to relive pain, relax spasms of muscles, to relive localized swelling, TO INCREASE TISSUE METABOLISM AND REPAIR, AND INCREASE DRAINAGE FROM INFECTED AREA. |
| Dry heat therapy | includes the use of heating pads, hot-water bottles, chemical hot packs, heat lamps, and fluidotherapy. |
| Heating pad | physician should specify heating pad temp and length of time pad should be applied. Cover pad with pillowcase or towel. |
| Chemical hot pack | disposable, flexible pack of chemicals that becomes hot when activated (kneaded or slapped). |
| Heat lamp | uses an infrared or ultraviolet bulb. place lamp 2-4 feet from area being treated, lasts 20-30 minutes. |
| Infrared therapy | treatment by exposure to various wavelengths of infrared radiation. performed to relieve pain and to stimulate blood circulation. |
| Ultraviolet therapy | used in treatment of rickets and certain skin conditions such as psoriasis. useful in control of infectious airborne bacteria and viruses. |
| Fluidotherapy | relatively new technique in which patient places the hand or foot in a container of glass beads that are heated and agitated with hot air. |
| Moisst heat therapy | hot soaks, hot compresses, hot packs, and paraffin baths. |
| Hot soak | usually used on arms or legs. patient places body part being treated in a container of plain or medicated water heated to not more than 110F. lasts 15 minutes |
| Hot compress | soad the gauze or cloth in hot water, wring it out, and apply it to the area being treated. |
| Hot pack | moist, hot pack is covered with a towel and placed over the area being treated. |
| Paraffin bath | utilizes a receptacle of heated wax and minera oil to reduce pain, muscle spasms, and stiffness in patients with arthritis. |
| Diatherapy | production of heat in body tissues for therapeutic purposes by high-frequency currents that are insufficiently intense to destroy tissues. |
| Ultrasound | projects high-frequency sound waves that are converted to heat in muscle tissue. |
| Microwave | Electromagnetic radiation that is converted into heat in tissues. should not be used with patients with pacemaker, in combination with wer dressings, or near metal implants |
| Shortwave | provides heat deep in the body by means of radio waves that travel between two condenser plates. used to treat chronic arthritis, bursitis, sinusitis, and other conditions |
| Administering thermotherapy | place the thermotherapy device on the affected body part. |
| Cryotherapy | treatment using dry cold or wet cold applications to: prevent swelling, control bleeding, reduce inflammation, provide an anesthietic effect by reducing inflammation, reduce pus formation, lower body temp. |
| Dry cold applications | ice bags (or ice collars) and chemical ice packs. |
| Chemical ice pack | flat plastic bag containing semi-fluid chemicals. remain cold for 30-60 min. |
| Wet cold application | cold compresses and ice massage. |
| Cold compress | place large ice cubes and small amount of water ina basin to moisten it, wring it out, and apply it to area being treated. |
| Ice massage | wrap an ice cube in a plastic bag, or or freeze water in a paper cup, then use the device to massage area. |
| Administering cryotherapy | place cryotherapy device on affected body part. |
| hydrotherapy | use of water in treatment of various disorders. tub baths, wet sheet packs, or shower sprays |
| Whirlpool | tank in which water is agitated by jets of air under pressure, used to relax muscles and to increase circulation |
| Contrast bath | two baths, one filled with hot water and other with cold water. patient quickly moves the affected body part from one to the other. used to induce relaxation, stimulate circulation, and improve mobility. |
| Medical assistants role in exercise therapy | to provide info for pt and family, to provide support and encouragement, to assist with Rom exercises, and to teach the pt how to perform them at home. |
| Active mobility exercises | self-directed exercises a pt performs without assistance to increase muscle strength and function. may require such equipment as a stationary bicycle or treadmill. |
| Passive mobility exercises | Aided mobility exercises |
| Aided mobility exercises | self-directed exercises performed with help of such devices as exercise machines or therapy pools. |
| Active resistance exercises | pt works against resistance, which is provided by a therapist or by an exercise machine, to increase muscle strength. |
| ROM exercise | exercises that slowly move each joint through its full range of motion. |
| Electrical stimulation | delivery of controlled amounts of low-voltage electric current to motor and sensory nerves to stimulate muscles. used to help retrain a pt to use injured muscles. |
| Immobilization | restriction of movement of a body part in order to promote healing. splints, slings |
| Manipulation | application of rapid thrusting motions in order to stabilize, stretch, or reposition a joint. |
| Traction | process of pulling or stretching a part of body. |
| Cane | sturdy wooden or aluminum shaft or walking stick, used to give support and greater mobility to a person who is abulatory but needs some assistance. |
| Cane height | pt holding cane and standing up straight, cane should be level with top of pt's femur, and elbow should be bent at 30-degree angle. |
| Four point gate | slow gait used by persons who can beqar weight on both legs. pt should begin in tripod position, then move the right crutch forward, move left foot forward to the level of the left crutch, move left crutch forward, and move right foot forward to level of |
| Three point gait | used by persons who can bear full weight on one leg and no weight on other. |
| Two-point gait | faster gait used by persons who can bear some weight on both feet and have good muscle coordination and balance. |
| Swing-to gait | modified three-point gait often used by persons with physical disabilites. |
| Swing-through gait | also often used by persons with physical disabilities. like swing-to gait, but pt swings the body past the crutches. |
| Walker height | top of walker should be just below the pt's waist or at the same height as top of hip bone, elbow is bent at 30-degree angle. |
| Branch of Medicine that uses physical devices or agents therapeutically for diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of diseases | Physiatry |
| Degree to whicha joint is able to move is known as | Range of motion |
| Lateral deviation in the normal vertical curve of the spine is called | Scoliosis |
| Which of the following is paralysis of lower portion of the body | Paraplegia |
| Which of the following is the most appropriate inital treatment to control bleeding by constricting blood vessels | application of ice packs |
| In thermotherapy, which of the following temperatures can cause burning | 116F |
| How long does diathermy usually last | 15-30 minutes |
| Cryotherapy is used for all of the following purposes except | to reduce clotting |
| Muscular weakness of one half of the body is called | hemiparesis |
| Patients instructed on how to use crutches should be told to | Move crutches no more than 6 inches at a time |
| Physical therapists are allied health professionals who have completed at least | A 4-year baccalaureate training program |
| Movement allowed by joints to decrease the angle between two adjoining bones is called | Flexion |
| Correction of a fracture, dislocation, or hernia is called | Reduction |
| Electromyography is the process of electrically recording muscle | Action potentials |
| Diathermy is useful in treating patients with all of the following conditions except | Metal implants |
| How far from area being treated should a heat lamp be placed | 2-4 feet |
| Which of the following heat therapies uses radio waves to provide heat deep in the body | Shortwave diathermy |
| A way of assessing the patient's walking behavior is called | Gait assessment |
| When using a chemical hot pack in heat therapy, you should | Knead the pad and then cover it with cloth before placingit on the patient |
| How high should the top of a cane be | level with the top of the femur |
| Exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar spine is called | Lordosis |
| A slow gait used by persons who can bear weight on both legs is referred to as a Four-point gait | Four-point gait |
| A modified three-point gait often used by persons with physical disabilities is called a | Swing-to gait |
| What method of measurement is used to assess the range of motion of a joint | Goniometry |
Created by:
walton33