Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Astronomy Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is Aristotle? | most associated with the ancient Greek world view |
| What did Aristarchus do? | He rejected the geocentric world view |
| What did Eratosthenes do? | He accurately determined the size of Earth |
| What is Ptolemy? | He's an almagest |
| Explain the geocentric model of the universe | model of the universe with the Earth at the center and all other objects moving around it. |
| Explain the Heliocentric model of the universe | model of the universe with the Sun at the center and all other objects moving around it. |
| What did Copernicus do? | Heliocentric world view |
| Who is Tycho Brahe? | The last astronomer without a telescope. He provided Kepler with the data needed in order to develop his 3 laws |
| What is J Kepler known for? | The three laws of planetary motion |
| What is the first law of planetary motion called? | The Law of Ellipses |
| Describe the law of ellipses. | The orbit of a planet is an ellipse where one focus of the ellipse is the sun. |
| What is the second law of planetary motion called? | The Law of Equal Areas |
| Describe the law of equal areas? | A line from the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time. |
| What is the second law of planetary motion called? | The Law of Harmonies |
| Describe the law of harmonies | The period of a planet's orbit squared is proportional to its average distance from the sun cubed. |
| What did Galileo do? | He used a telescope and challenged the conventional wisdom of the motion of objects and the nature of the heavens |
| What did Galileo observe through his telescope? | The phases of Jupiter, the moons of Jupiter, sunspots, and mountains on the moon |
| What is Newton known for? | The three laws of motion and the universal law of gravity |
| What is the first law of motion called? | The Law of Inertia |
| Describe the law of inertia | A body remains at rest, or moves in a straight line (at a constant velocity), unless acted upon by a net outside force. |
| What is the second law of motion called? | F = ma |
| Describe what F = ma means | The acceleration of an object is proportional to the force acting upon it. |
| What is the third law of motion called? | The Law of Reciprocal Actions |
| Describe the law of reciprocal actions? | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Describe the Law of Universal Gravitation | F = G m1 m2 / r2 |
| Wave nature of light | light has wave properties; light is a special forum because our eyes are sensitive to it |
| frequency * wavelength | velocity of light |
| what is light | one type of electromagnetic wave |
| list the wavelengths from shortest to longest | radio infrared visible ultraviolet x-ray gamma ray |
| what are red wavelengths | the longest wavelengths we see |
| what are blue wavelengths | the shortest wavelengths we see |
| what is a blackbody? | a perfect absorber of light; a perfect emitter of light |
| define wein's law | as the object gets hotter, the wave length gets shorter |
| define stefan boltzmann's law | the hotter it is, the brighter it is |
| What gives off a continuous spectrum? | A hot solid, liquid or gas, under high pressure. |
| What produces an emission line (bright line) spectrum? | A hot gas under low pressure |
| When are adsorption line (dark line) spectrum's seen? | When a source of a continuous spectrum is viewed behind a cool gas under pressure. |
| Kirchhoff's law | describe the type of spectrum produced by different sources |
| doppler effect | an apparent change in the wavelength of energy produced by an object that is caused by the object's motion towards or away from the observer; seen in the shifting of spectral lines. |
| What is the density of Pluto? | 2000 kg/m3 |
| What is so strange about Pluto's orbit? | It has an elliptical orbit. Sometimes Pluto is closer to the Sun than is Neptune because of this. |
| What are Pluto's physical properties most like? | The ice moons around the Jovian planets. |
| What type of planet is Pluto? | A dwarf planet |
| Uranus and Neptune have similar what? | Properties |
| The Great Red spot is associated with what planet? | Jupiter |
| The Great Dark spot is associated with what planet? | Neptune |
| What planet has helium precipitation? | Saturn |
| What planet has a 90 degree tilt | Uranus |
| What planet has retrograde rotation? | Venus |
| What gives Neptune and Uranus their blue green color? | Methane gas |
| Which solar objects have differential rotation? | gas giants |
| What planet has constant clouds? | Venus |
| What is the largest solar highland? | Aphrodite Terra |
| Where is the Aphrodite Terra found? | Venus |
| What space object has synchronous rotation? | the moon |
| What space object has resonance rotation? | Mercury |
| Has a surface dominated by impact craters? | Moon and Mercury |
| Largest solar mountain (it's also a shield volcano)? | Olympus Mons |
| Where is Olympus Mons found? | Mars |
| Cassini Division is associated with what planet? | Saturn |
| What are scarps? | Huge cliffs on Mercury |
| What planet has no atmosphere? | Mercury |
| What planet has a weak magnetic field? | Mercury |
| What is the Caloris Basin? | a large impact crater |
| Where is the Caloris Basin located? | Mercury |
| What is a jumbled terrain? | unusual hilly formation on mercury |
| What planet has a jumbled terrain? | Mercury |
| What are inter crater plains? | smoothed surface regions |
| What planet has inter crater plains? | Mercury |
| What is the Valles Mariners? | Enormous Valley that runs along the equator of Mars |
| What planet has Polar Icecaps? | Mars |
| What planet is about 50K cooler than the Earth
? | Mars |
| What is the approximate density of Mars? | between 3000 and 4000 |
| How much greater is Venus' atmospheric pressure compared to the Earth? | 100 times greater |
| How much less is Mars' atmospheric pressure compared to the Earth? | 100 times less |
| Which planets have a density less than 3000 kg/m3? | Saturn, Pluto, Uranus, Jupiter, Neptune |
| What is the density of the Moon? | around 3000 kg/m3 |
| What gives Mars is rust like color? | Iron Oxide |
| What planet's motion is most like the Earth's? | Mars |
| What planet's tilt axis is most like the Earth's? | Mars |
| What planet has no moons? | Venus |
| What is the largest mountain on Venus? | Maxwell Montes |
| Highland regions on Venus | Isthar Terra, Alpha Regio, Beta Regio |
| What planet has a surface and interior core very similar to Jupiter's? | Saturn |
| Core temperature at 6000K | Earth |
| which of the planets have HOT iron rich cores? | Earth, Venus |
| Which of the planets have COOL iron rich cores? | Mars and Mercury |
| What is the Earth's atmospheric chemical composition? | Nitrogen-78%, Oxygen- 21% |
| What is Venus' atmospheric chemical composition? | CO2 - 95.3%, the rest is Nitrogen |
| What is Mars' atmospheric chemical composition? | CO2 - 95.3%, the rest is Nitrogen |
| Unique feature about Saturn is what? | a mechanism for internal heating. |
| The density of Saturn is what? | 700 kg/m3 |
| Which planets have ring systems? | All the Jovian Planets. |
| Which planet's motion is closest to Jupiter's? | Saturn |
| What is the Roche limit? | the distance at which a large moon would experience extreme enough tidal stretching to be torn apart. |
| What are Shepherd Satellites? | moon's whose gravitational pull influence the shape of the rings |
| What is the surface of Earth made of? | Oceans and Continents. |
| What is the average density of the Earth? | 5500kg/m3 |
| What is the Earth's natural satellite? | Moon |
| Main features of the surface of the Moon | Maria & Highlands |
| Describe the crust of the moon | thicker on far side thinner on Earth side. |
| Describe the interior of the moon | Cool, not iron rich |
| Density of Mercury? | 5400 kg/m3 |
| What planet has no atmosphere and no moons? | Mercury |
| Describe the motion of Jupiter | Fast Differential rotation |
| What is the density of Jupiter | 1330kg/m3 |
| Describe the interior of Jupiter | rocky core, metallic hydrogen (currents here produce the magnetic field) |
| What does the fast rotation of Jupiter cause? | the clouds to form bands around the planet. |
| What are the typical colors of Jupiter's cloud layers? | bright yellow, orange and red. |
| Density of Venus | 5300 kg/m3 |
| What is the Aphrodite Terra | largest highlands |
| Where is the Aphrodite Terra located? | Venus |
| Beta regio is on what planet? | Venus |
| Beta regio has what? | two Shield volcanoes |
| Describe the clouds on Venus | Sulfuric acid clouds at 50 km |
| What is the temperature of Venus? | VERY HOT 730K, |
| What are polar icecaps? | Frozen water and carbon dioxide |
| Which planet has evidence of water flow in the past | Jupiter |
| Describe the plate tectonic problem on Mars | started the formation of plate (Valles Marineris is a huge rift valley, but the planet cooled too rapidly and the process stopped. |
| Which planet has global dust storms | Jupiter |
| What are the two Moons on Jupiter | Phobos and Deimos, small irregular shapes, not like our moon, more like captured asteroids. |
| high luminosity equals | brightness |
| bright hot star equals | brighter than the sun and hotter than the sun |
| the left side of an HR diagram is what? | hot |
| the right side of an HR diagram is what? | cool |
| the lower half of an HR diagram is what? | dim |
| the upper half of an HR diagram is what? | bright |
| main sequence stars go through what quadrant(s) of an HR diagram? | A and D |
| white dwarf stars go through what quadrant(s) of an HR diagram? | C |
| red giant stars go through what quadrant(s) of an HR diagram? | B |
| high mass stars are where on an HR diagram? | upper left |
| low mass stars are where on an HR diagram? | lower right |
| what is the life span of a high mass star? | short |
| what is the life span of a low mass star? | long |
| using only the brightness and the distance to a star what can be determined? | luminosity |
| using the temperature and luminosity of a star only what can be determined? | radius |
| what are the stages of a star? | main sequence, red giant, yellow giant, red giant, planetary nebula explosion, and white dwarf |
| what does a main sequence star fuse? | hydrogen to helium |
| what does a red giant fuse? | trick question! they don't fuse anything |
| what does a yellow giant star fuse? | helium to carbon |
| what is the life span of a high mass star? | short |
| what is the life span of a low mass star? | long |
| Describe the evolution of a sun-like star? | Low Mass (Sun-Like) -> planetary nebula ->white dwarf High Mass (> 10 solar masses) -> supernova(Type II) -> neutron star or black hole |
| has a solar mass greater than 10 | high mass star |
| has a solar mass lower than 10 | low mass star |
| continuous spectrum | kind of like a rainbow; you see every wavelength |
| Emission line spectrum | light emitted at very specific wavelengths; related to the chemical element producing the lines |
| Adsorption line spectrum | get the rainbow with certain wavelengths missing |
| The wavelength of the emission or absorption lines depends on what? | which atoms or molecules are found in the object under study; What atoms or molecules exist depend on: temperature, chemical composition. |
Created by:
laurenash
Popular Physics sets