Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology Ch. 16
Terms from David G. Meyers Ch 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | social psychology |
| the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition | attribution theory |
| the tendency for observers, analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of person disposition | fundamental attribution error |
| feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events | attitude |
| occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts | central route to persuasion |
| occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness | peripheral route to persuasion |
| the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request | foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
| a set of explanations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. | role |
| the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. | cognitive dissonance theory |
| adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard | conformity |
| influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval | normative social influence |
| influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality | informational social influence |
| stronger responses on simple or well-leaned tasks in the presence of others | social facilitation |
| the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable | social loafing |
| the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity | deindividuation |
| the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group | group polarization |
| the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives | groupthink |
| an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. | prejudice |
| a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people | stereotype |
| unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members | discrimination |
| "us" - people with whom we share a common identity | ingroup |
| "them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup | outgroup |
| the tendency to favor our own group | ingroup bias |
| the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame | scapegoat theory |
| the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. | other-race effect |
| the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get | just-world phenomenon |
| any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy | aggression |
| the principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression | frustration-aggression principle |
| the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them | mere exposure effect |
| an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship | passionate love |
| the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined | companionate love |
| a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it | equity |
| revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others | self-disclosure |
| unselfish regard for the welfare of others | altruism |
| the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present | bystander effect |
| the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs | social exchange theory |
| an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them | reciprocity norm |
| an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them | social-responsibility norm |
| a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas | conflict |
| a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest become caught in mutually destructive behavior. | social trap |
| mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive | mirror-image perceptions |
| shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation | superordinate goals |
| Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions | GRIT |
Created by:
jmccormack1