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Bowel Elimination
Ch 31
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The first 10-12 inches of sm intestine | Duodenum |
| middle portion of sm intestine | Jejunum |
| Last portion of the sm intestine | Ileum |
| Comes up the right side | Ascending Colon |
| across the top under the diaphram | Transverse Colon |
| Down the left side | Descending Colon |
| S shaped part of LG intestine | Sigmoid Colon |
| Last portion of LG intestine | Anal Canal |
| Opening from the body which feces exits | Anus |
| A surgically created opening to the bowel or other structure | Ostomy |
| A surgically created opening to the Ileum | Ileostomy |
| A surgically created opening to a portion of the colon | Colostomy |
| The entrance to an opening | Stoma |
| A bag or collection device over the stoma | Appliance |
| Chemical injury of the skin | Excoriation |
| Introducing a solution into the rectum | Enema |
| A surgically created opening that controls the drainage of liquidstool or urine from an internal reservoir | Continent Ostomy |
| Mouth,Pharynx,Esophagus,Stomach,Small intestine, large Intestine | Gastro-intestinal Tract |
| Absorbtion of food and fluids | Small Intestines major Function |
| Duodenum,Jejunum,Ileum | 3 sections of the small intestine |
| Valve betweenthe Ileum and Large intestine | Ileocecal Valve |
| semi-solid mass thats a thick liquid that food becomes in the stomach | Chyme |
| Absorbtion of water and water soluablr vitamins | Major function of the large intestine |
| Ascending colon,Transverse Colon,Descending Colon,Sigmoid Colon,Rectum,Anal Canal,Anus | Large intestine divisions |
| Rhythmic muscular contractions that propel the contents throught the G.I. tract | Peristalsis |
| Avg of 8-15 hours | time it takes food to move through the G.I. tract |
| Individual increases the intra abdominal pressure by holding thier breath and contracting abdominal muscles | Valsalva Manuver |
| Bowel Movement,BM,stool,feces,fecal matter | other Names for defecation |
| Amount,odor,consistancy,shape and components | Characteristics of stool |
| Normal stool shape | cylindrical/contour of the rectum |
| components of stool | the wastes of digestion |
| Normal components of stool | Cellulose from undigested roughage,dead mucosal cells,Bio-pigments |
| Abnormal components in stool | Puss,excessive mucous,blood and parasites |
| Normal odor of stool | Aromatic |
| Aroma in stool is caused by | Bacterial breakdown of protein |
| Normal color of stool | Brown to dark brown |
| Alterations in stool color that indicate a problem | Black& tarry,light,pale,clay,grey or white |
| Cause of black or tar colored stool | Iron supplements or blood in stool |
| Cause of light colored or pale or clay colored stool | Malabsorbtion of fats or Diet high in milk |
| Cause of grey or white colored stool | see if theyve had any x-ray testing done with Barium |
| Factors effecting bowel elimination | Age,Activity,Emotions,Fluid intake,Fiber in diet,Medication,Gastrocolic Reflex |
| Gastrocolic Reflex | The urge to eliminate after first meal of the day or drinking warm liquids |
| Tests done on stool | C&S=(culture&sensitivity),Ova& Parasites,Occult Blood=(hidden blood) |
| Flatulence | Abnormally large amounts of gas in the bowel |
| Causes of flatulence | Extra fiber in diet,Swallowing air with eating and drinking,decreased peristalsis,especially have after abdominal or bowel surgery |
| Bowel Protocol | 1.Fiber 2.stool softener 3.stimulant or laxative 4.Enemas |
| Nrusing interventions for flatulence | Ambulation is best,Range of motion, Oral medications |
| Constipation | Dry,hard stools not easily passed |
| Fecal impaction | Retention of feces into a hardened mass that cannot be passed without intervention |
| Causes of fecal impaction | Unrelieved constipation & retained barium from x-ray studies |
| Digital Disimpaction | Nurse inserts a gloved,lubricated finger into the anus and manually removes the stool |
| Diarrhea | Abnormally frequent watery stools |
| causes of diarrhea | increased intestinal motility due to contaminated food,infection,stress,laxative abuse,& bowel disorders |
| nursing intervention for diarrhea | rest the bowels for 12-24 hours |
| Fecal incontinence | inability to retain stool in the bowel |
| causes of fecal incontinence | Not toileting fast enough,bowel surgery,bowel injury,bowel disease,fecal impaction |
| Nursing interventions for fecal incontinence | monitor for pattern and then toilet at that time,toilet after meals,bowel protocol |
| #1 cause of constipation | ignoring the urge to go |
| causes of constipation | ignoring urge to go,dehydration,lack of excercise,low fiber diet,over use of laxatives and enemas,narcotics and opiats for pain relief |
| nursing interventions for constipation | Ambulation,excercise,ROM,increase fluids and fiber,provide privacy,dont ignore urge to go,get them out of bed and get them moving |
| fiber breaks down to | Cellulose |
| C&S test for stool | use a sterile specimen cup |
| Ova& Parasite test for stool | uses a cup that has a special fluid in it |
| Occult blood test for stool | small amount of stool on a card,card changes color to determine blood in stool |
| Rectal Tube | **Last resort*** a tube that looks like a straight cath that helps remove excess gas,only left in for 20 min |
| rectal tubes used for | people who cant get up and move around |
| rectal tube procedure | insert tube 4-6 inches,tape it in place,leave for 20 min then remove |
| risk associated with rectal tubes | leaving in longer than 20 mincan damage the sphincters |
| Bio-pigments | gives stool its color |
| procedure for collecting a stool sample | use a clean hat or bed pan,keep urine out if possible,once patient finishes take a specimenwith a tounge blade,place in the container,label,place in bio hazard bag and take to lab |
| Fibers function in the body | Dietary fiber includes cellulose thats important because it attracts water within the bowel resulting in bulkier stool that is more quickly and easily eliminated |
| rectal suppositories | semi-solid,cone shaped,contain medication in a substance that melts at body temperature |
| purpose of suppositories | they are an alternative method or route to administer systemic medications |
| actions of suppositories | acts as a local irritant to stimulate a bowel movement and has stool softeners to soften and lubricate for easy passing of stool |
| how far to insert a suppository | 1 to 1 1/2 inch |
| 2 types of enemas | tap water and soap suds |
| what do u need before doing an enema | doctors orders |
| how much fluid used with a water or soapy enema | 500-1000 mls |
| patients position for an enema | Left Sims position |
| how high do u place the bag of fluid for an enema | 12-18 inches above patient |
| purpose for enemas | to distend the bowel wall and cause the uge to deficate and to cleanse the bowel for tests or to instill medications |
| how a hypertonic enema works | it draws fluid into the bowel through circulation |
| why an oil retention enema is used | given to lubricate and soften stool |
Created by:
sllamacchia72