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JPH Dec Chemistry
Chemistry December 100 definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific Method | A systemic approach to the solution of a scientific problem. |
| Hypothesis | An educated guess |
| theory | Statements or principles that have been explained and repeatedly tested. |
| scientific law | A statement based on repeated experimental observation. |
| atom | The smallest part of a chemical element. |
| Element | any material that can't be broken down. Consists of one type of atom. |
| compound | two or more elements bonded |
| matter | a solid, liquid or gas. |
| molecule | The smallest particle of two or more atoms bonded together. |
| electrolysis | a process that uses electricity to cause a chemical change. |
| chemical formula | the exact composition of a compound. |
| diatomic molecule | a molecule that consits of two atoms |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. |
| atomic symbol | one or more letters that represent each element in the periodic table. |
| observation | information you get through your senses. |
| qualitative | the quality of something |
| solid | one of the states of matter in which the volume and shape are fixed. |
| liquid | one of the states of matter that takes on the shape of its container. |
| gas | one of the states of matter in which there is no fixed shape or volume |
| temperature | how hot or cold something is. |
| kinetic energy | energy available because of motion |
| kinetic molecular theory | a theory that says all molecules and atoms are always moving |
| normal melting point | the temperature at which a substance goes from a solid to a liquid |
| normal freezing point | the temperature at which a substance goes from a liquid to a solid |
| potential energy | result of its position in an electric, magnetic, or gravitational field. |
| normal boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure is equal to one atmosphere. |
| vaporization | the conversion of a liquid to a gas or a vapor. |
| sublimation | the conversion of a solid into a gas. |
| condensation | change from a gas to a liquid |
| evaporation | vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling. |
| heating curve | a graph showing how the substance's phases change while being heated |
| pure substance | it can't be separated chemically or physically. |
| solution | consists of solutes dissolved in a solvent |
| solute | dissolved particles in a solution |
| solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| mixture | a blend of two or more substances |
| physical property | the quality or condition of a substance |
| malleability | a physical property of matter |
| composite | made from several different substances |
| quantitative | the quantity of something |
| mass | the amount of matter that an object takes up |
| volume | the amount of space an object takes up |
| density | the ratio of mass of an object to its volume |
| precision | describes the closeness |
| accuracy | the closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured |
| significant digit | all the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement |
| uncertainty | predictions of future events |
| measurement | a description that includes both a number and a unit |
| intensive property | a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample |
| extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| metal | one class of elements |
| nonmetal | an element that is a poor conducter |
| conductivity | the ability to conduct electricity |
| ductility | material's ability to defurm stress |
| oxidation | a process that involves complete or partial loss of electrons |
| metalloid | has properties that are similar to metals and nonmetals |
| alloy | a mixture compound of two or more elements |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle |
| nucleus | the tiny dense central portion of an atom |
| ion | an atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| organic compound | the study of compounds containing carbon |
| inorganic compound | the study of compounds not containing carbon |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound composed of hydrogen and carbon |
| combustion reaction | a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts |
| homogeneous | a mixture that is uniform in composition |
| heterogeneous | a mixture that is not uniform in composition |
| product | a substance produced in a chemical reaction |
| precipitate | a solid that forms from a liquid |
| reactant | a substance present at the start of a reaction |
| chemical reaction | a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products |
| saturated solution | at the max |
| supersaturated solution | over the max |
| concentration | a measurement of the amount of solute |
| mole | the amount of a substance |
| molarity | the concentration of solute in a solution |
| dilution | reducing the concentration of a chemical |
| acid-base indicator | a substance that indicates the degree of acidity |
| electrolyte | a compound that conducts electricity |
| molecular compound | a compound that is made of molecules |
| covalent bond | the sharing of electrons |
| nonelectrolyte | a compound that doesn't conduct electricity |
| cation | any atom with a positive charge |
| anion | any atom with a negative charge |
| polyatomic ion | a tightly bound group of atoms |
| ionic compound | a compound made up of positive and negative ions |
| synthesis reaction | a chemical reaction in which an element or compound reacts with oxygen |
| decomposition reaction | a chemical change in which a single compound is broken down |
| single replacement reaction | a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element |
| double replacement reaction | a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions |
| exothermic reaction | a process that releases heat |
| endothermic reaction | a process that absorbs heat |
| activation energy | the minimum energy colliding particles must have |
| heat | a form of energy that transfers |
| rate of reaction | describes the speed of a reaction |
| catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of reactions |
| acid | a compound that produces hydrogen ions |
| base | a compound that produces hydroxide ions |
| neutralization | a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt |
| titration | process used to determine the concentration of a solution |
| pH | a number used to denote acidity |
Created by:
trhale
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