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autonomic nerves
autonomic nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ANS is what type of system? | motor system |
| How many neurons conduct in ANS and where are they from/go? | 2 neurons from the central nervous system to the periphery |
| the neuron of the ANS in the brain or spinal cord | preganglionic neuron |
| The neuron of ANS somewhere outside CNS | postganglionic neuron |
| What does the postganglionic nerve innervate? | smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
| How do you divide the ANS? | by where preganglionic fibers leave the central nervous system |
| How many divisions of the ANS are there? | 3 |
| name the 3 divisions of ANS | Cranial outflow, Thoracolumbar outflow, sacral outflow |
| Nerves of Cranial outflow | Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X |
| Nerves of thoracolumbar outflow | Spinal nerves T1-L2, L3 |
| Nerves of sacral outflow | S2-S4 |
| sacral spinal nerves are also called what? | Pelvic splanchnic nerves or nervi erigentes |
| Which of the 3 ANS nerves are grouped together? | Cranial and Sacral outflows |
| Why are the cranial and sacral outflows grouped together? | similarity in location of their ganglia (@ site of the organ innervated), and anatomically and pharmacologically are similar |
| the cranial and sacral outflows are commonly referred to as ? | parasympathetic division of the ANS |
| what is the main concern of the parasympathetic division? | conserving energy and restoring energy |
| why are the throacolumbar outflows grouped together? | similar anatomically and pharmacologically |
| what is the thoracolumbar outfow referred to? | sympathetic division of the ANS |
| what is the function of the sympathetic division? | expending energy for emergencies and sudden activity ("fight or flight") |
| Where are papsympathetic ganglia located in the body? | close to the organs they innervate; in the wall of the gut. they are Myenteric and Submucosal ganglia and plexuses. |
| What types of fibers do parasympathetic (terminal) ganglia possess? | long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers |
| How close are sympathetic ganglia in the ANS from the organs they innervate? | some distance from the organs they innervate |
| Where are the sympathetic ganglia in the ANS located? | present in the sympathetic trunk (sympathetic chain or PARAvertebral ganglia) anterior to the vertebral extremity of each rib. Base of great vessels in the abdomen (collateral ganglia) |
| Name the collateral ganglia (prevertebral) | celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia |
| What type of fibers do sympathetic ganglia possess? | short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers |
| What is the exception to the sympathetic ganglia fibers? | splanchnic nerves. they are preganglionic fibers which synapse in collateral ganglia. |
| which fibers are cholinergic? | ALL Preganglionic fibers and ALL postganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
| what do cholinergic fibers release at their endings? | acetylcholine |
| Which fibers are adrenergic? | Most postganglionic sypathetic fibers |
| what is the exception to the postganglionic sympathetic fibers? | sweat gland postganglionic sympathetic fibers are cholinergic |
| what do andrenergic fibers liberate? | norepinephrine |
| True or false, sweat glands are cholinergic | True |
| what type of fibers are associated but NOT part of the ANS? | Afferent fibers |
| what are the fibers of the ANS called that run with sympathetic and parsympathetic pre and postganglionic fibers? | visceral sensory (afferent) fibers |
| where are the neuron cell bodies found in the visceral sensory (afferent) fibers? | dorsal root or cranial sensory ganglia |
| True or false, visceral sensory fibers of the ANS tend to be myelinated | True |
| what type of fiber do sympathetic fibers travel with? | visceral pain fibers |
| what type of fiber run with the parasympathetic fibers? | visceral physiological afferent fibers(they carry signals other than pain) |
| where are the preganglionic cell bodies located in the sympathetic division the the ANS and give spinal segments? | intermediolateral cell column(lateral horn). T1-L2,L3 |
| What type of fiber is termed "preganglionic" in the sympathetic division on the ANS? | white Rami communicates |
| how does the white rami communicates travel? | spinal cord with anterior spinal root fibers > goes through mixed spinal nerve with afferent motor fibers > elaves spinal nerve or anterior (ventral)ramus as myelinated fiber > joins sympathetic ganglia taht are along sypmathetic trunk |
| T or F, myelinated fibers have a whitish color? | true |
| myelinated fibers are also referred to as? | white rami communicantes |
| are white rami communicates long or short? | short. soon after leaving the spinal nerve they reach the sympathetic trunk |
| what segments are white rami communicanties found? | T1-L2,L3 |
| give 2 other names for the sympathetic trunk | sympathetic chain. paravertebral ganglia |
| what does the sympathetic trunk consist of? | paired ganglia (groups of neuron cell bodies) connected by intervening fibers. |
| what do the paired ganglia look like on the sympathetic trunk? | beads strung on a string |
| where are the paired ganglia located? | lateral to the vertebral column |
| how many ganglia form the sympathetic chain? | approximately 22 pairs |
| list the divisions of the 22 pairs of sympathetic chain ganglia | 3 cervical = superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia. 11 thoracic. 4 lumbar. less than 5 sacrococcygeal |
| how many cervical ganglia? | 3. superior, medial and inferior |
| how many thoracic ganglia? | 11 |
| how many sacrococcygeal ganglia? | less than 5 |
| where do the sympathetic preganglionic fibers go after they exit the spinal cord? | exit via the ventral roots, mixed spinal nerve (MSN) and ventral rami of spinal nerves to enter (via white rami)a ganglia associated with the sympathetic trun (chain ganglia) |
| Where may the preganglionic fibers go when entering the sympathetic trunk? | synapse immediately in ganglion associated with that level, descend and synapse at a lower level, ascend and synapse at a higher level, pass directly through |
| Synapse immediately w/ ganglion asscociate with that particular level then have option to...? | re-enter the spinal nerve of same level via gray ramus communicans. leave trunk in smal visceral branches |
| what do the gray ramus communicans innervate? | body wall and extremities, smooth muscle of arrector pili mm and blood vessels, sweat glands |
| what do the small visceral branches innervate? | viscera |
| Descending preganglionic fibers synapse at ? | a lower level |
| Postganlionic fibers of the descending branches leave the trunk via? | gram ramus or small visceral branches |
| postganglionic fibers of the ascending branches leave the trunk via? | gray ramus or small visceral branches |
| Ascending preganglionic fibers synapse at? | a ganlion at a higher level |
| preganglionic fibers entering the sympathetic trunk can pass directly through the trunk to course as the ? | splanchnic nerves |
| splanchnic nerves are composed of primarly? | preganglionic fibers |
| splanchnic nerves terminate and synapse in? | collateral ganglia |
| after planchnic nerves terminate postganglionic fiber travel where? | travel from the collateral ganglia to innervate viscera |
| what do collateral ganglia innervate? | viscera |
| name the 3 tpyes of splanchnic nerves | thoracic splanchnic nerves (sympathetic). lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetic). Pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic) |
| thracic splanchnic nerves are? | sympathetic |
| lumbar splanchnic nerves are? | sympathetic |
| pelvic splanchnic nerves are? | parasympathetic |
| sub divisions of thracic splanchnic nerves? | greater splanchnic. lesser splanchnic nerve. least splanchnic nerve |
| segments of greater splanchnic | T5-T9 |
| segments of lesser splanchnic nerve | T10-T11 |
| segments of least splanchnic nerve | T12 |
| segments of splanchnic nerves | L1-L2,L3 |
| segments of pelvic splanchnic nerves | S2-S4 |
| Give the divisions of the ANS? | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| how is the parasympathetic division oraganized? | basis of pre and postganglionic neurons |
| where are the preganglionic neurons located in the parasympathetic division? | nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and sacral segments S2-S4 |
| the preganglionic axons leave the CNS as a component of ___ in the parasympathetic division | component of a cranial nerve or part of the ventral root of a sacral spinal nerve |
| where do the parasympathetic preganglionic axons go after leaving the spinal or cranial nerves? | travel toward the structures to be innervated |
| when is the term rami communicantes only used? | in the sympathetic system! |
| True or false, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are NOT termed rami communicatnes in the parasympathetic division of the ANS | TRUE |
| where do parasympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse? | in ganglia in or near the organ innervated |
| how long are the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers? | short |
| the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers innervate? | smoothe muscle (blood vessels to the head and some to viscera), cardiac muscle and glands |
| Are parasympathetic ganglia regularly spaced? | NO |
| are sympathetic ganglia regulary spaced in the sympathetic trunk? | YES |
| parasympathetic ganglia are of __________ size | microscopic |
| where do sympathetics to the head synapse or go? | preganglionics: superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk postganglionics: to head structures |
| Sympathetics to Thoracic viscera synapse or go? | preganglionic: superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia and upper 4 or 5 ganglia of the toracic pare fo the sympatheitc trunk. Postganglionic: small visceral branches to thoracic viscera |
| Preganglionic sympathetic to the head synapse? | superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk |
| postganglionic sympathetic to the head go? | to head structures |
| preganglionic sympathetic to the thoracic viscera synapse? | superior, middle, inferior cervicial ganglia and upper 4 or 5 ganglia fo the thracic part of the sympathetic trunk |
| postganglionic sympathetic to the toracic vicera leave via? | small visceral branches to thoracic visera |
| Sympathetics to the abdominal and pelvic visera synpse and go to? | preganglionic: via thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse in celiac, superior or inferior mesenteric collateral ganglia. Postganglionic: abdominal pelvic viscera |
| Preganglionic sympathetics to the abdominal and pelvic viscera synapse? | via thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves synapse in celiac, superior or inferior mesenteric collateral ganglia |
| Postganglionic sympathetic to the abdomin and pelvic viscera to to? | abdominal and pelvic viscera |
| where do supraenal (adrenal) galnd preganglionics synapse? | on secretor (chromaffin) cells of adrenal medulla |
| True or false, there are NO postganglionic sympathetic fibers in the adrenal gland | TRUE |
| Sympathetics to the body wall and extremities synapse and go to? | preganglionic: sympathetic trunk. postganglionic: via gray rami communicantes to arrector pili muscles, sweat glands and smooth muscle in blood vessels of body wall and extremities |
| preganglionic sympathetics to the body wall and extremities synapse? | in the sympathetic trunk |
| postganglionic sympatheitcs to the body wall and extremities go to ? | via gray rami communicantes to arrector pili, sweat glands and smooth muscle in blood vessels of body wall and extremities |
| Parasympathetic fibers to the head synapse and go to? | preganglionic: via cranial nerves III, VII, VIII synapse in parasympathetic ganglia(ciliary, ptergopalatine, submandibular or otic) of head near structures. Postganglionic: to head structures and some blood vessels |
| Parasympathetics to thoracic and bociminal viscer; and colon to junction of right 2/3rds and left 1/3 of transverse colon | preganglionic: via cranial nerve X (vagus)synapse in parasympathetic terminal ganglia near or in walls of viscera. Postganglionic: tor toracic and abdominal viscera |
| parasympathetics to pelvic viscera; descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part anal canal | preganglionic: via pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) synapse in parasympathetic terminal ganglia near or in walls of viscera. postganglionic: to pelvic vescera, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal |
| parasympathetics to body wall and extremities | None except external genitalia |
Created by:
slalomGS