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Psych ch 10
vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| personality | a pattern of enduring,distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. |
| psychodynamic perspectives | theoretical views emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness) |
| id | the part of the person that Freud called the "it," consisting of unconscious drives; the individual's reservoir of sexual energy |
| ego | the Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality |
| superego | the Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior; what we often call conscience |
| defense mechanisms | Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
| repression | the master defense mechanism, the ego pushes unacceptable impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind |
| rationalization | the ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one |
| displacement | the ego shifts feelings toward an unacceptable object to another, more acceptable object |
| sublimation | the ego replaces an unacceptable impulse with a socially acceptable one |
| projection | the ego attributes personal shortcomings, problems, and faults to others |
| reaction formation | the ego transforms an unacceptable motive into its opposites |
| denial | the ego refuses to acknowledge anxiety-producing realities |
| regression | the ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress |
| Oedipus complex | according to Freud, a boy's intense desire to replace his father & enjoy the affections of his mother |
| archetypes | emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people |
| collective unconscious | Jung's name for the impersonal, deepest layer of the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past |
| individual psychology | Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life |
| humanistic perspectives | theoretical views stressing a person's capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities |
| unconditional positive regard | Roger's construct referring to the individual's need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of his or her behavior |
| conditions of worth | the standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard fro others |
| trait theories | theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristics responses |
| big five factors of personality | the five super traits that are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality: neuroticism (emotional instability), extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. |
| subjective well-being | a person's assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect, and an evaluation of his or her life in general |
| personological and life story perspectives | theoretical views stressing that the way to understand the person is to focus on his or her life history and life story |
| social cognitive perspectives | theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals |
| self-efficacy | the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive change |
| cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) | Mischel's theoretical model for describing that our thoughts and emotions about ourselves and the wold affect our behavior and become linked in ways that matter to behavior |
| behavioral genetics | the study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics |
| self-report test | also called an objective test or an inventory, a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits |
| empirically keyed test | a type of self report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way |
| Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) | the most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test |
| face validity | the quality of seeming, on the surface, to fit a particular trait in question |
| projective test | a personality assessment test that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it-to project their own meaning onto the stimulus |
| Rorschach inkblot test | a famous projective test that uses an individual's perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | a projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality |
Created by:
ErinCollard