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Sociology Ch. 19

Population and Urbanization

QuestionAnswer
A subfield of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution Demography
The actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population Fertility
The number of live births per 1000 people in a population in a given year Crude Birthrate
The incidence of death in a population Mortality
The number of deaths per 1000 people in a population in a given year Crude Death Rate
The movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency Migration
The biological and social characteristics of a population, including age, sex, race, marital status, education, occupation, income, and size of household Population Composition
The number of males for every hundred females in a given population Sex Ratio
A graphic representation of the distribution of a population by sex and age Population Pyramid
The point at which no population increase occurs from year to year Zero Population Growth
The process by which some societies have moved from high birthrates and death rates to relatively low birthrates and death rates as a result of technological development Demographic Transition
A metropolitan area with a total population in excess of 10 million people Megacity
The process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or type of land use Invasion
The process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an are formerly dominated by another group or activity Succession
The process by which members of the middle and upper-middle classes, especially whites, move into a central-city area and renovate existing properties Gentrification
A group of people who live in a specified geographic area Population
The potential number of children who could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity Fecundity
Number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1000 live births in a given year Infant Mortality Rate
Refers to the physical location of people throughout a geographic area Distribution
The number of people living in a specific geographic area Density
The movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency Immigration
The movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere Emigration
Draw voluntary immigrants into a nation; democratic government, religious freedom, employment opportunities, or a more temperate climate Pull Factors
Encourage people to leave one area and relocate elsewhere; political unrest, violence, war, famine, plagues, or natural disasters Push Factors
Created by: Vanity
 

 



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