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Neuron Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| three facts about neurons? | 1) they have extreme longevity (can function for a lifetime) 2) they have high metabolic rate (cannot survive more than a few minutes without oxygen) 3)they are amitotic (cannot divide) |
| dendrite | highly branched cytoplasmic extension of the soma, receives information from other neurons. |
| axon hillock | mound on the side of soma from which the axon originates. It is the location where a nerve transmission begins. |
| axon, aka? | nerve fiber |
| axon | (nerve fiber)= single, cylindrical cytoplasmic extension of soma; conducts signals away from soma and toward other cells. |
| cell body, aka? | AKA soma |
| cell body | (soma): control center of neuron (contains the nucleus). capable of receiving info from other neurons |
| axoplasm | cytoplasm of the axon |
| axolemma | membrane of the axon |
| the neuron that sends the signal = | presynaptic neuron |
| the neuron that receives the signal= | postsynaptic neuron |
| are there ever more than one axon per neuron? | neuron never has more than one axon. They are relatively unbranched, (although may give rise to few branches called "axon collaterals" along the way) |
| end bulb, AKA? definition, what does it do, what does it contain? | AKA "synaptic knob" or "terminal button". distal end of the axon; a little swelling that forms a synapse with next cell. Contains synaptic vesicles full of neurotransmitter |
| synapse | junction or tiny space between a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron. where the chemical part of a nerve transmission takes place |
| synaptic vesicles | located in the end bulb of a neuron, they contain neurotransmitter. |
| what are the 3 levels of protective coverings of a nerve? | endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium |
| endoneurium | surrounds a single axon |
| perineurium | surrounds a fascicle (grouping) of axons |
| epineurium | surrounds the whole spinal nerve |
| which protective covering surrounds a single axon? | endoneurium |
| which protective covering surrounds a fascicle (grouping) of axons? | perineurium |
| which protective covering surrounds the whole spinal nerve? | epineurium |
| how are neurons structurally classified? | classified according to the number of processes extending from the soma |
| multipolar neuron | has 1 axon and many dendrites coming off cell body. Most common type in the body. |
| examples of multipolar neurons? | includes most neurons of the brain & spinal cord. |
| draw a multipolar neuron | just the regular neuron with many branching dendrites, cell body, single axon and end bulb |
| draw a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron and label the parts | include presynaptic, postsynaptic, label dendrites, axon, axon hillock, synapse, cell body, axoplasm & axolemma |
| draw and label the protective coverings of nerves | draw single axons surrounded by endoneurium, grouped into fascicles and surrounded by perineurium, then surround the whole spinal nerve with epineurium |
| bipolar neuron | has 2 processes coming off soma, (1 axon and 1 dendrite). They are rare in the body |
| examples of bipolar neurons? | olfactory, eye and inner ear |
| draw a bipolar neuron | just draw the circle=cell body, with two lines coming off (one is highly branched dendrite and one is not so branched axon collaterals w end bulbs) |
| unipolar neuron | has only a single process coming off the soma. |
| example of unipolar neuron? | most sensory neurons that carry information to spinal cord are unipolar. |
| draw a unipolar neuron | just draw the soma/circle with ONE vertical line coming off, this can branch into two perpendicular lines (labeled peripheral process and central process) |
Created by:
kalmetina