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Anatomy Ch. 20.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood vessels transport __, __, and __ __ to and from body tissues. | oxygen, nutrients, and waste products |
| Vessels are not __; they can change shape with body needs. | rigid |
| blood vessels are often named by body __ or __. They are __ vessels: arteries and veins that travel together. | region, bone, companion |
| Vessel walls are composed of layers called __ (3 layers). These surround the __ or inside space of the vessel, through which blood flows. | tunics, lumen |
| The innermost layer of blood vessel wall is the __ __ or tunical interna. It is composed of an __ (simple squamous epithelium). It is continuous with the endocardium. | tunica intima, endothelium |
| The __ __ is the middle layer of the vessel wall. It is composed predominantly of circularly arranged layers of __ __ cells that are supported by elastic fibers. | tunica media, smooth muscle |
| Contraction of smooth muscle in the tunica media results in __ or narrowing of the blood vessels lumen. | vasoconstriction |
| Relaxation of the smooth muscle in the tunica media causes __ or widening of the blood vessel lumen. | vasodilation |
| The __ __ or tunica adventitia, is the outermost layer of the blood vessel wall. It is composed of __ connective tissue that contains elastic and collagen fibers. It helps anchor the vessel to other structures. | tunica externa, areolar |
| Very large blood vessels require their own blood supply to the tunica externa in the form of a network of small arteries called the __ __. This extends through the tunica externa. | vasa vasorum |
| Veins have valves but arteries do not. T or F? | true |
| Capillaries only contain the tunica __ (endothelium). This allows rapid gas and nutrient exchange. | intima |
| Smallest blood vessels connect __ to __. A group of capillaries function together and form a capillary __. | arterioles, venules, bed |
| The highest blood pressure generated in arteries is during ventricular systole when the artery is maximally stretched; this value is recorded as the __ pressure. | systolic |
| The lowest pressure is during ventricular diastole when the artery recoils no further; this value is recorded as the __ pressure. | diastolic |
| Arterial blood pressure is expressed as a ratio, in which the numerator (upper number) is the __ pressure and the denominator (lower number) is the __ pressure. The average adult has a blood pressure of __/__ mm Hg. | systolic, diastolic, 120/80 |
| Systole is when the heart is contracting (__) and diastole is when the heart is relaxing (__). | depolarization, repolarization |
| __ are the smallest arteries. They have fewer than 6 layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media. Larger __ have all three tunics, whereas the smallest __ may have a thin layer of endothelium surrounded by a single layer of smooth muscle cells. | arterioles |
| __ are the smallest veins. They are companion vessels with arterioles. The smallest __ drain capillaries. Smaller __ merge to form larger __. The largest __ have all three tunics. __ merge to form veins. | venules |
| The ascending aorta curves toward the left side of the body and becomes the __ __. The three main arterial branches emerge from this: brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian. | aortic arch |
| The brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into the right __ __ artery, supplying arterial blood to the right side of the head and neck and the __ __ artery, supplying the right upper limb and some thoracic structures. | common carotid, right subclavian |
| The __ __ __ artery supplies the left side of the head and neck. | left common carotid |
| The __ __ artery supplies the left upper limb and some thoracic structures. | left subclavian |
| The aortic arch curves and projects inferiorly as the __ __ aorta, several branches of which supply the thoracic wall and viscera. This artery extends inferiorly and renamed __ __ aorta, where it supplies the abdominal walls and organs. | descending thoracic, descending abdominal |
| At the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra, the descending abdominal aorta bifurcates into the __ and __ __ __ arteries. Each of these arteries divides into an internal iliac artery and an __ __ artery (to supply the lower limb). | left and right common iliac, external iliac |
| The veins that drain the head, neck, upper limbs, and thoracic and abdominal walls merge to form the left and right __ veins, which in turn merge to form the __ __ __. | brachiocephalic, superior vena cava |
| The veins inferior to the diaphragm merge to collectively form the __ __ __ which carries venous blood toward the heart from the lower limbs, pelvis and perineum, and abdominal structures. | inferior vena cava |
| The __ sinus also drains into the right atrium, delivering deoxygenated blood from the heart myocardium. | coronary |
| At the superior border of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, each common carotid artery divides into an __ __ artery, which supplies structures external to the skull and an __ __ artery, which supplies internal skull structures. | external carotid, internal carotid |
| Part of the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis); the __ __ arteries contain branches of the posterior cerebral arteries and the __ __ arteries connects the two anterior cerebral arteries. | posterior communicating, anterior communicating |
| The __ arteries emerge from the subclavian arteries and travel through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae before entering the skull through the foramen magnum, where they merge to form the basilar artery. | vertebral |
| The __ artery travels immediately anterior to the pons and extends many branches prior to subdividing into the posterior cerebral arteries, which supply the posterior portion of the cerebellum. | basilar |
| Three primary pairs of veins drain the neck and the head: the vertebral vein, external jugular vein, and __ __ vein. The __ __ vein joins with the subclavian vein to form the braciocephalic vein. It drains blood from the cranial cavity. | internal jugular |
| The __ sublcavian artery emerges directly from the aortic arch, while the __ subclavian artery is a division of the brachiocephalic trunk. Both supply blood to the upper limbs. | left, right |
| After the subclavian artery passes over the lateral border of the first rib, it is renamed the __ artery. This extends many branches to the shoulder and thoracic region. | axillary |
| When the axillary artery passes the inferior border of the teres major muscle it is renamed the __ artery. This supplies blood to most of the arm muscles. | brachial |
| In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery divides into a __ artery and an __ artery. Both supply the forearm and wrist before they anastomose and form two arterial arches in the palm. | radial, ulnar |
| The __ artery supplies blood to each kidney. | renal |
| Superficial vein: In the cubital region, an obliquely positioned __ __ vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins. This is the common site to get blood drawn. | median cubital |
| The digital veins and deep and superficial palmar venous arches drain into pairs of __ veins and __ veins that run parallel to arteries of the same name. | radial and ulnar |
| At the level of the cubital fossa, the radial and ulnar veins merge to form a pair of __ veins that travel with the brachial artery. | brachial |
| Brachial veins and the basilic vein merge to form the __ vein. | axillary |
| Superior to the lateral border of the first rib, the axillary vein is renamed the __ vein. | subclavian |
| The main arterial supply for the lower limb is the __ __ artery, which is a branch of the common iliac artery. | external iliac |
| The external iliac artery travels inferior to the inguinal ligament, where it is renamed the __ artery. | femoral |
| When the femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa, it is renamed the __ artery. This supplies the knee joint and muscles in this region. | popliteal |
| The popliteal artery divides into an __ __ artery that supplies the anterior compartment of the leg, and a posterior tibial artery that supplies the posterior compartment of the leg. | anterior tibial |
| The anterior tibial artery crosses over the anterior surface of the ankle where it is renamed the __ __ artery (dorsal artery of the foot). | dorsalis pedis |
| On the dorsum of the foot a dorsal venous arch drains into the __ __ vein. This originates in the medial ankle and extends adjacent to the medial surface of the entire lower limb before it drains into the femoral vein. | great saphenous |
| The great saphenous vein has perforating branches that connect to the deeper veins. If the valves in these veins (or perforating branches) become incompetent, __ veins develop. | varicose |
| On the dorsum of the foot and ankle, deep veins drain into a pair of __ __ veins, which traverse alongside the __ __ artery. | anterior tibial |
| The anterior and posterior tibial veins merge to form the __ vein that curves to the anterior portion of the thigh and is renamed the __ vein. Once this vein passes superior to the inguinal ligament, it is renamed as the __ __ vein. | popliteal, femoral, external iliac |
| The external and internal iliac veins merge in the pelvis, forming the __ __ vein. Left and right __ __ veins then merge to form the __ __ __. | common iliac, common iliac, inferior vena cava |
Created by:
khinson