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Module 4
The Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| levator | muscle that raises a body part |
| tenalgia | pain in a tendon (tenodynia) |
| tendin-, ten- | tendon |
| adhesion | a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Adhesions may form in muscles and internal organs as the result of an injury or surgery |
| myalgia | muscle tenderness or pain |
| myolysis | degeneration (breaking down) of muscle tissue |
| polymyositis | chronic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles that is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy |
| myocele | protrusion of a muscle through its ruptured sheath or fascia |
| atonic | lack of normal muscle tone |
| dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone |
| hypertonia | condition of excessive tone of the skeletal muscles with increased resistance of muscle to passive stretching |
| hypotonia | condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles with decreased resistance of muscle to passive stretching |
| myotonia | the delayed relaxation of a muscle after a strong contraction |
| ton- | tone |
| tax- | coordination |
| dystaxia | also known as partial ataxia, is difficulty in controlling voluntary movement (dys means bad, tax means coordination |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissues making the muscle resistant to stretching |
| Intermittent claudication | complex of symptoms including cramplike pain of the leg muscles caused by poor circulation and may be an indication of a larger cardiovascular problem |
| Spasmodic torticollis | also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side |
| kines- | movement |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement |
| diskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement as in a tic or spasm |
| Tardive dyskinesia | late appearance of dyskinesia as a side effect of long-term treatment with certain antipsychotic drugs |
| -clonus | violent action |
| myoclonus | a spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles |
| Nocturnal myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that may occur normally as a person is falling asleep |
| Singultus | known as hiccups, is myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm |
| Myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause |
| Myasthenia gravis | also known as MG, is a chronic autoimmune disease in which there is an abnormality in the neuromuscular function causing episodes of muscle weakness |
| Fibromyalgia syndrome | chronic disorder of unknown cause characterized by widespread aching pain, tender points, and fatigue |
| Myofascial damage | which can be caused by overworking muscles, results in tenderness and swelling of the muscles and their surrounding tissues |
| Impingement syndrome | occurs when the tendons become inflamed and get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. |
| Cervical radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region |
| myoparesis | weakness or slight paralysis of a muscle |
| Hemiparesis | slight paralysis of one side of the body |
| tenodesis | suture of a tendon to a bone |
Created by:
kjanosco