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The normal venous pH range
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What are the 3 major systems that regulate H+ and HCO-3?
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RT 105

Acid-Base and Regulation

QuestionAnswer
The normal venous pH range 7.30 - 7.40
What are the 3 major systems that regulate H+ and HCO-3? The chemical buffer system. The respiratory system. The renal system.
Which buffer system is the first line of defense & responds w/in a fraction of a second to resist pH changes? Chemical buffer system.
How many minutes does the repiratory system act to acidosis or alkalosis and how does it effect the breathing depth and rate? It takes 1-3 minutes and decreases the breathing depth and rate.
Which system is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor & regulator? Renal system
How long does it take the renal system to correct abnormal pH concentrations? 1 day
What does the renal system do when extracellular fluids become acidic? It retains HCO-3 and excretes H+ into the urine, causing the blood pH to increase.
Acids & bases are similar to salts thus they can.. Ionize and dissociate in water & conduct an electrical current.
Do acids retain or release hydrogen ions H+? release
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), the acid found in the stomach that works to aid digestion, dissociates into a proton and a chloride ion. What is the equation? HCl --> H+ Cl-
How do the buffers work against sudden and large changes in the pH of body fluids? releasing hydrogen ions when pH increases and binding hydrogen ions when the pH decrease.
Which buffer system plays an extremely important role in maintaining pH homeostasis of the blood. carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. Carbonic acid (H2CO3)dissociates reversibly and releases bicarbonate ions (HCO-3)and protons (H+)
The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system converts Strong bases to a weak base (bicarbonate ion). Strong acids to a weak acid (carbonic acid)
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation pH=pK+log[HCO3-/H2CO3] (base/acid)
The pK is derived from... the dissociation constant of the acid portion of the buffer combination
Normally the pK ratio is 6:1
The normal HCO3- to H2CO3 ratio is 20:1
The primary components of the phosphate buffer system are the sodium salts of dihydrogen phophate H2PO4-)and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4-) NaH2PO4
NaH2PO4 - strong or weak base weak base
The phosphate buffer system is only about 1/ <--- as effective as the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system in the extracellular fluid. 1/6
The body's most abundant and influential supply o buffers ___and found in the _____ protein buffer system and found in the proteins in the plasma and cells
Percentage of the buffering power of body fluids is found in the intracellular proteins. 75%
Polymers of acid proteins
amphoteric molecules protein molecules that have a reversible ability are called
A good example of a protein that works as an intracellular buffer hemoglobin
reduced hemoglobin carries a negative charge true or false true
The respiratory system does not respond as fast as the chemical buffer systems but is... two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffer systems combined.
Under normal conditions, the volume of CO2 eliminated at the lung is equal to the amount of CO2 produced at the tissues. true/false true
When the pH declines, the repiratory system responds by increasing... the breathing depth and rate.
How does the respiratory system respond teh pH rises? decreases the breathing depth and rate
When the volume of CO2 eliminated from the lungs is less than the amount of CO2 produced at the tissue cells, respiratory acidosis is said to exist. true/false true
The renal system can rid the body of acids such as... phosphoric acids ulric acids lactic acids ketone acids
When managing the H+ levels in teh extracellular fluids, the renal system is the only system that can... regulate alkaline substances in the blood and restore chemical buffers
When the extracellular fluids become acidic, the renal system... retains HCO3- and excretes H+ ions into the urine, causing the blood pH to decrease
When the extracellular fluids become alkaline, the renal system retains H+ and excretes basic substances into the urine, causing the blood pH to decrease
Hypoventilation causes the partial pressure of the alvolar carbon dioxide (PAco2) to increase, which in turn causes Pco2 increase HCO3- increase H2CO3 increase HCO3-:H2CO3 ratio decrease pH decrease
Hyperventilation causes the partial pressure of the alveolar carbon dioxide (PAco2) to increase, which in turn causes Pco2 decrease HCO3- decrease H2CO3 decrease HCO3-:H2CO3 ratio increase pH increase
Common causes of acute ventilatory failure chronic obstructive pulmonary drug overdose general anesthesia head trauma neurologic disorders
Renal Compensation Paco2 of 70 torr pH 7.30 HCO3- 33 acute ventilatory failure (with partial renal compensation)
If a patient's ventilatory rate suddenly were to increase and cause the patient's Paco2 to increase to 20 torr, what approximate changes would be expected in the pH AND HCO3- levels Acute alveolar hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) 7.60, 20 meq/L
common causes of acute alveolar hyperventilation hypoxia pain, anxiety, and fever brain inflammation stimulant drugs
common causes of metabolic acidosis lactic acidosis (fixed acids) ketoacidosis (fixed acids) salicylate intoxication (aspirin overdose) renal failure uncontrolled diarrhea
plasma concentration of Na+ 140
plasma concentration of Cl- 105
plasma concentration of HCO3- 24
an elevated anion gap is most commonly caused by the accumulation of fixed acids
metabolic acidosis caused by a decreased HCO3- is often called hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
common causes of metabolic alkalosis hypokalemia hypochloremia gastric suctioning or vomiting excessive administration of corticosteroids excessive sodium bicarbonate diuretic therapy hypovolemia
Created by: chanadine
 

 



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