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mechanisms/diseases
Anantomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| objective abnormalities that can be seen or measured by someone other than the patient | signs |
| subject abnormalities felt only by the patient | symptoms |
| a collection of different signs and symptoms, usually with a common cause, that presents a distinct picture of a pathological descion | syndrome |
| the condition or syndrome, as defined by a characteristic set of signs and symptoms | disease |
| when signs and symptoms appear suddenly, persist for a short time, then disappear | acute |
| diseases that develop slowing, and last for a long time | chronic diseases |
| the study of all factors involved in causing a disease | etiology |
| diseases with determined causes | idiopathic |
| can be transmitted from one person to another | communicable, infectous |
| the actual pattern of diseases development | pathogenesis |
| in infectous disease the latent stage is also called the | incubation |
| reversal of a chronic disease | remission |
| the study of occurence, distribution and transmission of diseases in humans | epidemiology |
| a disease that is native to local region | endemic disease |
| epidemics that spread throughout the world | pandemics |
| the study of underlying physological processes associated with disease | pathophysiology |
| altered or mutated genes that can cause production of abnormal proteins | genetic mechanism |
| pathogenic organisms or particles that damage the body in some way | infectious mechanism |
| an organism that lives in or on another organism to obtain its nutrients | parasite |
| abnormal tissue growths or neoplasms that can cause variety of physiological disturbances | neoplastic mechanism |
| physical and chemical agents such as toxic or destructive chemicals, extreme heat or cold, mechanical injury and radiation that can affect the normal homeostasis of the body | traumatic mechanism |
| endocrine imbalances or malnutrition that cause insufficent or imbalanced intake of nutrients | metabolic mechanism |
| often do not actually cause a disease put may put one at risk for developing it | risk factor |
| Risk factors | genetic factors, age, lifestyle, stress, environmental factors, preexsiting conditions |
| microscopic organisms that include bacteria, fungus and protoza | microbes |
| intracelluar parasites that consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes a lipoprotein envelope | viruses |
| spread when virus particles are shed by an infected body by way of respiratory fluids or other body fluids, and these particles then come in contact with another persons body fluid's | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
| pathogenic protein molecules that convert normal protein of the body into abnormal proteins,causing abnormal functions | prion |
| bovine spongiform encephalopathy | mad cow disease |
| tiny, primitive cell without a nucleus. secrete toxic substances that damage human tissues, they may become parasites inside human cells, or they may form populations in the host body that disrupt normal human function | bacterium |
| classifications of bacterium | growth requirements, staining properties and size and shape |
| requiring oxygen for their metabolisim | aerobic |
| requiring an absence of oxygen | anaerobic |
| stained purple | gram-positive |
| not colored | gram-negative |
| large, rod shaped cells found singly or in groups | bacilli |
| large, round bacteria found singly, in pairs (diplococci), in strings(streptococci) and clusters(staphylococci) | cocci |
| round or oval bacteria that are so small that some of them were once thought to be viruses. they can reproduce only inside other living cells, so they are sometimes called obligate intracellular parasites. | small bacteria |
| two types of small bacteri | rickettsia and chlamydia |
| resistent dormant forms, are resistent to chemicals, heat and dry, arid conditions | spores |
| a group of simple organisms similar to plants but without chlorophyll, cannot produce there own food, so they must consume or parasitize other organisms | fungi |
| protists, one celled organisms that are larger than bacteria and whose DNA is organized in a nucleus | protoza |
| types of protoza | amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, and sporoza |
| large cells of changing shape | amoebas |
| protoza that are similar to amoebas but move by wiggling long, whiplike extensions called flagella | flagellates |
| protoza that move by means of many short, hairlike projections called cilia | ciliates |
| protoza with unusual organelles at their tops that allow them to enter host cells, also called coccidia | sporozoa |
| pathogenic animals | metazoa |
| an organism that spreads disease to other organisms | vector |
| large parasites, also called round worms | nematodes |
| large parasites, otherwise known as flatworms and flukes | platyheminths |
| group of parasites that include mites, ticks, lice and fleas, also include biting or stinging wasps, bees, mosquitoes and spiders | arthropods |
| prevention control | person to person contact, environmental contact, opportunistic invasion and transmission by vector |
| statement of the probable outcome of the disease | prognosis |
| initial stage of disease | prodomal |
| characteristics of prodomal stage | general complaints of illness, such as malaise and fever |
| allows the agent access to the next person | portal of entry |
| nonintact skin, mucous membranes and the systems of the body exposed to the external environment, such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems | common portals of entry |
| the method by which an infectious agent leaves the host | portal of exit |
| normally occurring body fluids, such as excretions, secretions, skin cells, respiratory droplet, blood or any body fluid | common portals of exit |
| 1) oxygen (for aerobic microorganisms), 2) lack of oxygen (for anaerobic microorganisms), 3) Moisture, 4) Nutrition, 5) Temperature, 6) Darkness, 7) Neutral or slightly alkaline pH | seven growth requirements for microorganisms |
| CDC guidelines released in 1985 for the infection control practices. This came as a result of the increase in AIDS & Hep B Virus (HBV) | universal precautions |
| coil; spiral | spir/o |
| cluster-like | staphyl/o |
| curve | strept/o |
| round | -coccus |
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