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Physics Unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A particles carry positive charges inside the helium atom's nucleus; they are __________. | protons |
| B particles inside the helium atom's nucleus have no charge; they are _________. | neutrons |
| C particles rotate around the helium atom's nucleus in orbitals; they are _________. | electrons |
| Electrons in orbitals around the helium atom's nucleus have a _________ charge. | negative |
| The two A particles __________ each other because of their charges. | repel |
| Like charges _________. | repel |
| The charge of an A particle + the charge of a C particle = _______. | 0 |
| The net charge of a helium atom equals _______. | 0 |
| If an atom grabbed another atom's electrons, both atoms would become _________. | ions |
| The __________-the SI unit of electrical force-is used to express a particle's charge. | Coulomb |
| You rub a piece of wool upon your skin and your skin becomes negatively charged because it gained ________ from the wool. | electrons |
| A layer of electrons gathers on the surface of a piece of mica after it is rubbed with copper. The buildup of electrons is called ____________. | static electricity |
| An atom donates an electron to another atom in a closed system; the __________ is zero (0). | net charge |
| Electrons flow easily through a substance; the substance is a(n) ________. | conductor |
| A substance that resists the movement of electrons through it is a(n) __________. | insulator |
| A positively charged rod moved near a metal piece charges the metal piece through __________. | induction |
| certain liquids; most metals | conductor |
| A negatively charged rod ___________ a metal piece directly, causing the metal piece to accept a charge. | contacts |
| wood | insulator |
| ground wire | conductor |
| The positive or negative state in which a body reacts to an electric, magnetic, or other field is its ________. | polarity |
| To measure an object's polarity, you could use a(n) __________. | electroscope |
| An object touches an electroscope's contact point. The gold leaves fan away from each other, telling you the object _________. | had a charge |
| A lightning rod prevents damage to homes if lightning strikes because the rod is connected to a(n) ________ wire that conducts the charges into the earth. | ground |
| An instrument that detects the presence of an electric charge is a(n) ___________. | electroscope |
| The amount of energy that acts upon a charge at a particular point in an electric field is the _____________. | electrical potential energy (E.P.E.) |
| The amount of energy acting upon a charge at a particular point in an electrical field is measured in ________. | joules |
| The E.P.E. at this particular point in the electric field divided by the charge at this point with an equation like V=PE(electric)/q applies to ____________. | electric potential |
| Electric potential is measured in _________. | volts |
| The PE(electric) in the formula is measured in ________, while the q in the formula is measured in _________. | joules;coulombs |
| Since the electric potential at point B is higher than the electric potential at point D, the electrical system has a _________. | potential difference |
| Potential difference is measured in __________. | volts |
| Because a potential difference exists between points B and D, _________ will flow as shown when charges flow from B to D because the point at B has higher electric potential than the point at D. | electricity |
| There is a wall in front of an object and Force A is blocked by the wall but Force B goes through the wall. The wall would be _________ the object from Force A. | shielding |
| There is a wall in front of an object and Force A is blocked by the wall but Force B goes through the wall. Force A could be a(n) __________. | electrical field |
| Force A is an electrical field. It could be measured in the SI units of ________. | newtons |
| Force A is an electrical field so it is based upon ________. | charge |
| There is a wall in front of an object and Force A is blocked by the wall but Force B goes through the wall. Force A is much, much ________ Force B. | greater than |
| Force A is an electrical field whereas Force B is a gravitational field. Force A can be both attractive and ______, while Force B can only be attractive. | repulsive |
| Force A is an electrical field whereas Force B is a gravitational field. Both forces have __________ relationships. | reciprocal |
| A ________ collects charges in an electric field. | capacitor |
| In a capacitor, there are two surrounding layers. The top layer is a _______ that collects negative charges in an electric field and the bottom layer is also a _________ but it collects positive charges in an electric field. | conductive material |
| There is an inner layer of a capacitor that is surrounded by conductive material called a _________. | dielectric |
| The middle layer of a capacitor is a(n) __________. | insulator |
| Capacitors are rated according to _______, the SI unit that is a measurement of the ability to store a charge. | farads |
| Charges move at a certain rate through a conductor; that rate is defined as _________. | current |
| A point in an electrical circuit has 17 coulombs pass it in one second or 17 _______ of current flow. | amps |
| The speed at which electric ________ move through a conductor is the current. | charges |
| To control a current by blocking the flow of charges, ___________ are installed. | resistors |
| Ohm's law is written as __________. | I=V/R |
| If you want a material that an electric current can run through, you insert a(n) _________. | conductor |
| A material that resists an electric current from passing through it is a(n) ________. | insulator |
| Certain _________ are better conductors than others. | metals |
| A conductor has low _________, while an insulator has high _________. | resistance |
| A circuit's __________ is affected by the material type, the conducting wire's width and length, the temperature of materials in the circuit, plus components that are added to the circuit. | resistance |
| An electrical circuit in which electrons run from a negative terminal of a battery to a positive one is a(n) ___________. | direct current |
| When the electric potential changes back and forth in a circuit, a(n) _________ exists. | alternating current |
| Four electrical components in a(n) ____________ possess four different complete circuits. | parallel circuit |
| Moving electric charges create a(n) ______________. | magnetic field |
| One light bulb in a set of Christmas lights goes out and the entire set quits working because the bulbs are in a(n) _____________. | series circuit |
| Materials respond to a magnetic field via a property called ______________. | magnetism |
| If you flip a switch ON in an electric train's circuit, the circuit is _________ and therefore, electric charges run through the circuit and the train runs. | closed |
| Flipping a switch to OFF in an electric train's circuit renders the circuit _______; as a result, no electric charges run through the circuit and the train stops. | open |
| The amount of power delivered by a circuit carrying one ampere of current with a one-volt difference in one second is ____________. | electric power |
| A living room has circuit wiring that handles 20 amperes of current; to prevent an overload, all of the electrical items in the room cannot draw more than a total of _________. | 20 amps |
| Just as with electric charges, opposites in magnets, such as the north and south poles, _______ each other. | attract |
| SInce a magnet has a north pole and a south pole, it is _________. | dipolar |
| One pole's attraction for another on a magnet creates __________ between the poles. | lines of force |
| If too many appliances are attached to one electric circuit you risk overloading the circuit due to _____________. | excess voltage |
| A protective device called a ________ has a conductor that burns through or clicks off if a circuit is overloaded. | fuse |
| An electrical circuit is opened when another protective device called a ________ senses an overloaded circuit. | circuit breaker |
| Metals may be magnetized because of the presence of _____________ or small zones of magnetism. | magnetic domains |
| The amount of electrical resistance between two points is measured by an __________. | ohm |
| The charge in coulombs a capacitor accepts for potential to change 1 volt is measured by a ___________. | farad |
| The amount of power; 1 J/s is measured by _________. | watts |
| The amount of electric charge carried by a one-amp current in one second is measured by a __________. | coulomb |
| The amount of current or 1 C/s is measured in _____________. | amperes |
| The amount of electric potential; 1 J/C is measured in _____________. | volts |
| One atom has an excess of electrons while another has an excess of protons; both atoms are ___________. | ions |
| Inside an atom's nucleus are particles with neutral charges; those particles are __________. | neutrons |
| If an atom's orbit are particles with negative charges; those particles are ___________. | electrons |
| A negatively charged object touches another object, changing its charge through __________. | direct contact |
| The buildup of electrons on an object is ____________. | static electricity |
| An electron possesses a negative charge that can be expressed in ____________ or the SI units for electrical charge. | coulombs |
| More electrons are on a sphere's left side; therefore, the sphere has ___________, or a positive or negative state that reacts to an electric field. | polarity |
| One mass is attracted to another due to ____________. | gravitational force |
| One charge is attracted to another due to _____________. | electrical force |
| Gravitational force can only result in __________. | attraction |
| The greater the _________ between two charges or two masses, the lower the electrical and gravitational force. | distance |
| Electrical and gravitational forces have __________ relationships. | inverse-square |
| The gravitational force between two charged objects is _________ than the electrical force between them. | much less |
| The electrical force between two charged objects is _________ than the gravitational force between them. | much greater |
| The formula F(electric)=kc(q1q2/r2) is for _____________. | Coulomb's law |
| In a __________, one component has a separate circuit from another component. | parallel circuit |
| A property of materials responsible for their attraction or repulsion to a magnetic field caused by moving charges is __________. | magnetism |
| Magnetism's strength is related to the __________ of the distance between two magnetized objects. | inverse-square |
| Metals may become magnetized more easily than other materials because they have more _________ spinning one way than the other way. | electrons |
Created by:
jhincks
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