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Micro Chap 7

QuestionAnswer
Define Sterilization Removing or destroying all microbial life
Define disinfection Reducing or inhibiting microbial growth on a non-living surface
Define asepsis Being free of bacterial contamination; aseptic surgical techniques.
Define bacteriostasis Inhibiting growth & multiplication of bacteria.
Define germicide Killing of all germs.
Define biocide Killing of all life.
Define sanitization. Lowering counts of microbes to levels safe for public consumption.
Define antisepsis Disinfection of living tissue
Define degerming. Physically removing microbes from a surface.
Describe the effects of microbial control agents on cellular structures. Alteration of membrane permeability, damage to proteins and nucleic acids,
Compare the effectiveness of moist heat (boiling, autoclaving, pasteurization) and dry heat. Moist heat: Denaturing of enzymes via boiling, autoclaving, pasteurizing Dry heat: Oxidization via flaming or hot air sterilization.
Describe how filtration suppresses microbial growth. Filtration traps microbes and prevents them from passing.
Describe how low temperatures suppresses microbial growth. Low temperatures result in lower rates of reproduction
Describe how high pressure suppresses microbial growth. High pressure alters the structure of proteins and carbohydrates rendering them inactive.
Describe how desiccation(lyophilization or freezer drying) suppresses microbial growth. The absence of water stops microbial growth and reproduction. Viruses and endospores can resist desiccation.
Describe how osmotic pressure suppresses microbial growth. Microbes in high concentrations of salt or sugar undergo plasmolysis. Molds and yeasts are more capable than bacteria of growing in materials with low moisture or high osmotic pressure.
How does radiation kill cells? Ionizing radiation ionizes water creating highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Ultraviolet radiation creates thymine dimers that interfere with DNA replication. Microwaves kill microbes indirectly via heat.
List factors for effective disinfection. ODT Presence of organic matter, degree of contact with microbes, temperature. ODT
Differentiate halogens used as antiseptics from halogens used as disinfectants. Iodine is an antiseptic; Chlorine is a disinfectant.
List the advantages of glutaraldehyde over other chemical disinfectants. Liquid chemical disinfectant that can sterilize, bacterio, tuberculo and virucidal in 10 minutes
Identify chemical sterilizers. Ethylene oxide, chlorine dioxide
Explain how the type of microbe affects the control of microbial growth. Prions, endospores, mycobacteria, cysts of protozoa, vegatative protozoa, gram negative bacteria, funghi, viruses without envelopes, gram positive bacteria, viruses with lipid envelopes.
Created by: 34805711
 

 



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