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Vibrations and Waves
Physics Ch 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An oscillation, or repeating back and forth motion, about an equilibrium position. | Vibration |
| A disturbance that repeats regularly in space and time and that is transmitted progressively from one place to the next with no actual transport of matter. | Wave |
| The time required for a pendulum to make one to-and fro swing. In general, the time required to complete a single cycle. | Period |
| The back-and-forth vibratory motion of a swinging pendulum. | Simple Harmonic Motion |
| A curve whose shape represents the crests and troughs of a wave, as traced out by a singing pendulum that drops a trail of sand over a moving conveyor belt. | Sine Curve |
| One of the places in a wave where the wave is highest or the disturbance is greatest. | Crest |
| One of the places in a wave where the wave is lowest or the disturbance is greatest in the opposite direction from a crest. | Trough |
| The distance from the midpoint to the maximum (crest) of a wave or equivalently from the midpoint to the minimum midpoint (trough). | Amplitude |
| The distance from the top of the crest of a wave to the top of the following crest, or equivalently the distance between successive identical parts of a wave. | Wavelength |
| The number of events (cycles, vibrations, oscillations, or any repeated event)per time; measured in Hertz (or events per time). Inverse of period. | Frequency |
| The SI unit of frequency. One cycle per second | Hertz |
| A wave with vibration at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling. | Transverse Wave |
| A wave in which the vibration is in the same direction as that in which the wave is traveling rather than at right angles to it. | Longitudinal Wave |
| A pattern formed the overlapping of two or more waves that arrive in a region at the same time. | Interference Pattern |
| Addition of two or more waves when wave crests overlap to produce a resulting wave of increased amplitude. | Constructive Interference |
| Combination of waves where crests of one wave overlap troughs of another, resulting in a wave of decreased amplitude. | Destructive Interference |
| Term applied to two waves for which the crest of one wave arrives at a point at the same time that trough of the second wave arrives. Their effects cancel each other. | Out of Phase |
| Term Applied to two or more waves whose crests (and troughs) arrive at a place at the same time, so that their effects reinforce each other. | In Phase |
| Wave in which parts of the wave remain stationary and the wave appears not to be traveling. The result of interference between an incident (original) wave and a reflected wave. | Standing Wave |
| Any part of a standing wave that remains stationary. | Node |
| The position on a standing wave where the largest amplitude occurs. | Antinodes |
| The apparent charge in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or of the receiver. | Doppler Effect |
| An increase in the measured frequency of light from an approaching source; got its name because the apparent increase is toward the high frequency, or blue, end of the color spectrum. Also occurs when the observer approaches a source. | Blue Shift |
| A decrease in the measured frequency of light (or other radiation) from a reading source; got its name because the decreases toward the low frequency, or red, end of the color spectrum. | Red Shift |
| The v-shaped wave produced by an object moving one a liquid surface faster than the wave speed. | Bow Wave |
| A cone-shaped wave produced by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid. | Shock Wave |
| The sharp crack heard when the shock wave that sweeps behind a supersonic aircraft reaches the listener. | Sonic Boom |
| What determines the period of a pendulum? | The period of the pendulum depends only on the length of a pendulum and the acceleration of gravity. |
| What is the source of all waves? | The source of all waves is something that vibrates. |
| How does a wave transfer energy? | The energy transferred by a wave from a vibrating source to a receiver is carried by a disturbance in a medium. |
| How do you calculate the speed of a wave? | You can calculate the speed of a wave by multiplying the wavelength by the frequency. |
| What are some examples of transverse waves? | Waves in the stretched strings of musical instruments and the electromagnetic waves that make up radio waves and light are transverse. |
| What is an example of a longitudinal wave? | Sound waves are longitudinal waves. |
| What causes interference patterns? | Interference patterns occur when waves from different sources arrive at the same point-at the same time. |
| At what wavelength can a standing wave form in a vibrating medium? | A standing wave forms only if half a wavelength or a multiple of half a wavelength fits exactly into the length of the vibrating medium. |
| How does the apparent frequency of waves change as a wave source moves? | As a wave source approaches, a observer encounters waves with a higher frequency. As the wave source moves away, an observer encounters waves with a low frequency. |
| What causes a bow wave? | A bow wave occurs when a wave source moves faster than the waves it produces. |
| What causes a shock wave? | A shock wave occurs when an object moves faster than the speed of sound. |
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16_cmessina
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