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Sociology Ch. 8 Quiz
Sociology Chapter 8 Quiz 11/6/12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social stratification | ranking of people or groups according to their unequal access to scarce resources |
| social class | segment of society whose members hold similar amounts of resources and share values, norms, and an identifiable lifestyle |
| bourgeoisie | class that owns the means of production |
| proletariat | class that labors without owning the means of production |
| income | amount of money received by an individual or group over a specific time period |
| wealth | total economic resources held by a person or group |
| power | the ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will |
| prestige | recognition, respect, and admiration attached to social positions |
| false consciousness | adoption of the ideas of the dominant class by the less powerful class |
| class consciousness | identification with the goals and interests of a social class |
| working poor | people employed in low-skill jobs with the lowest pay who do not earn enough to rise out of poverty |
| underclass | people typically unemployed who came from families that have been poor for generations |
| absolute poverty | the absence of enough money to secure life's necessities |
| relative poverty | a measure of poverty based on the economic disparity between those at the bottom of a society and the rest of the society |
| feminization of poverty | a trend in U.S. society in which women and children make up an increasing proportion of the poor |
| social mobility | the movement of individuals or groups between social classes |
| horizontal mobility | a change in occupation within the same social class |
| vertical mobility | a change upward or downward in occupational status or social class |
| intergenerational mobility | a change in status or class from one generation to the next |
| caste system | a stratification structure that does not allow for social mobility |
| open-class system | a system in which social class is based on merit and individual effort; movement is allowed between classes |
| the resources that are unequally distributed | income, power, prestige, wealth |
| explanation of stratification according to Functionalist Theory | most qualified people have most important jobs; these people do their tasks well & are rewarded for efforts; inequality exists b/c some jobs = more important than others; monetary rewards & prestige- rewards for going thru extra training & education |
| explanation of stratification according to Conflict Theory | wealthy control business; common person works for wealthy; wealthy exploit commoner to maintain social stratification; forced; based on power, not property ownership; false consciousness |
| explanation of stratification according to Symbolic Interactionism | people are taught to accept the existing structure; kids are taught that people "on top" are there because talent & hard work, people "on bottom"- no talent & motivation; wrong to question b/c they deserve it; lower class=lower self esteem, and vice versa |
| the five social classes of America according to sociologists | upper class, upper middle, middle middle, working class, working poor, underclass |
| If you have most wealth and power, then do you necessarily have most prestige? | No, priest or college professor may have more prestige than a banker |
| income rates for top 1% (year) | in 2006, 21.3% |
| income rates for next 19% (year) | in 2006, 40.1% |
| income rates for bottom 80% (year) | in 2006, 38.6% |
| wealth rates for top 1% (year) | in 2007, 34.6% |
| wealth rates for next 19% (year) | in 2007, 50.5% |
| wealth rates for bottom 80% (year) | in 2007, 15.0% |
| upper-upper class | "aristocracy"; old-money families; blood, not sweat/tears; best private schools and universities; seldom marry outside of class |
| lower-upper class | achieved and earned; large cooperations, investing in stock market; may be better off financially than some of upper-upper, but are often not accepted in exclusive social circles |
| upper-middle class | 14%; successful in busi., professions, politics, military; ppl who benefited frm corporate&profess. expansion after WWII; earn enof to live well&save$; college, career goals for kids; no natl or internatl pwr but in political organizations in communities |
| poverty line for family of 3 | $19,090 |
| chance of being poor | 59% |
| poverty rate for whites | 10% |
| poverty rate for single women/ female headed households | 33.3% |
| poverty rate for African Americans | 27.4% |
| poverty rate for Hispanics | 26.6% |
| how much blacks make compared to whites | Blacks make 21% less than what whites make |
| percent that women and ethnic minorities make up of workforce | 57% |
| percent of managers that are white males | 97% |
| how much women make compared to men | women make 75% of what men make |
Created by:
sruti1