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Sun & Stars Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| high luminosity equals | brightness |
| bright hot star equals | brighter than the sun and hotter than the sun |
| the left side of an HR diagram is what? | hot |
| the right side of an HR diagram is what? | cool |
| the lower half of an HR diagram is what? | dim |
| the upper half of an HR diagram is what? | bright |
| main sequence stars go through what quadrant(s) of an HR diagram? | A and D |
| white dwarf stars go through what quadrant(s) of an HR diagram? | C |
| red giant stars go through what quadrant(s) of an HR diagram? | B |
| how many times smaller than the sun is a white dwarf star? | one million |
| high mass stars are where on an HR diagram? | upper left |
| low mass stars are where on an HR diagram? | lower right |
| what is the life span of a high mass star? | short |
| what is the life span of a low mass star? | long |
| what percentage of stars are main sequence? | 90% |
| has a solar mass greater than 10 | high mass star |
| has a solar mass lower than 10 | low mass star |
| what do high mass stars fuse? | everything except iron |
| what are the stages of a star? | main sequence, red giant, yellow giant, red giant, planetary nebula explosion, and white dwarf |
| what does a main sequence star fuse? | hydrogen to helium |
| what does a red giant fuse? | trick question! they don't fuse anything |
| what does a yellow giant star fuse? | helium to carbon |
| Chandraskhar limit is | the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star; around 1.4 solar masses --any bigger and it becomes a neutron star |
| Nova | pulls hydrogen off of other stars to stay alive |
| Type 2 supernova | death of a high mass star |
| Type 1A supernova | pulls hydrogen off of other star and adds to its own mass as well |
| what planet has a similar density to the sun? | jupiter (1410 kg/m^3) |
| what is the chemical composition of the sun? | almost all hydrogen and helium & metals |
| what is the surface temp of the sun? | 6000 degrees |
| what is the radius of the sun? | 100 earth radii |
| what is the volume of the sun? | one million times the earth |
| what is the structure of the sun? | core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona, solar wind |
| what is fusion? | process that produces energy |
| what happens in the sun's core? | fusion occurs -- hydrogen to helium |
| what happens in the sun's radiation zone? | energy escapes here |
| what happens in the convection zone? | gas is heated to the point of boiling |
| what happens in the photosphere? | sunlight escapes here |
| what is the photosphere? | the top layer of the convection zone |
| what is the luminosity of the sun? | 3.86 10^26 Watts |
| what are sunspots? | dark regions in the photosphere; cooler than the photosphere; has an intense magnetic field |
| what is the sunspot cycle? | an 11-year cycle in which the number of sunspots reaches a maximum and minimum |
| what is the solar cycle? | a 22-year cycle in which the Sun's magnetic pole reverse and return to their original configuration. |
| low luminosity means? | low mass |
| what is the magnitude of a parsec? | 3.3 light years |
| brightness | if you can see it, you know how bright it is |
| what magnitude scale is used for brightness? | apparent magnitude scale |
| what magnitude scale is used for luminosity? | absolute magnitude scale |
| the lower the magnitude | the brighter and more luminous the object |
| if there is a magnitude difference of 5 then.... | the lower number is 100 times brighter than the other |
| luminosity is | the energy per unit time produced by the star |
| brightness formula? | Luminosity/(4*Pi*Distance^2) |
| cephied variables are | the period of pulsations of the luminosity |
| spectroscopic parallax | temperature and main sequence |
| how do you determine the temp when measuring a star? | wien's law |
| how do determine the mass when measuring a star? | kepler's 3rd law applied to binary stars |
| what are binary stars? | stars that orbit each other |
| how do you determine the radius/volume/size when measuring a star? | stefan boltzmann law |
| how do you determine the radial velocity when measuring a star? | studying the doppler effect |
| what is the remnant of a dead high mass star? | a neutron star or a black hole |
| using only the brightness and the ditance to a star what can be determined? | luminosity |
| what is a parallax? | the one direct method we have for measuring the distance to a star? |
| using the temperature and luminosity of a star only what can be determined? | radius |
Created by:
laurenash
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