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Phys Sci. Chapter 8

Physical Science

QuestionAnswer
Which atoms on the periodic table are stable? Noble Gases
T/F All atoms on the periodic table are unstable except Noble Gases? True
How do atoms become stable? They must fill their outermost energy level or obtain an octet
The only way atoms can become stable is through___________ chemical bonding
Chemical bonding is the _______, __________, or __________ of valence electrons . giving, taking, sharing
Chemical bonding is the giving, taking, or sharing of valence electrons between two or more_________ in ordr to obtain an __________. atoms/octet
What determines which atoms will gain valence electrons and which atoms will lose valence elctrons? electronegativity
________________is an atom's ability to attract valence electrons and how tightly it holds its valence electrons. electronegativity
Atoms with __________________hold valence electrons __________ low electronegativity/loosely
When atoms hold valence electrons loosely, they tend to ________them. lose
Atoms with ____________electronegativity hold valence electrons______ high/tightly
When atoms hold valence electrons tightly, they tend to ______ them. gain
Sodium (NA) on the left side of the periodic table has ______electronegativity. It will _________electrons. low/lose
Chlorine (Cl) on the right side of the periodic table has _______electronegativity. It will_________electrons high/gain
Any electron that has gained or lost electrons if an ________ ion
Atoms that ________electrons beome____________. lose/ positive ions
Positive ions are called_________ cations
Atome that _________electrons become____________ gain/negative ions
Negative ions are called___________ anions
Sodium (Na) has _________ valence electrons and __________ electronegativity. no/ low
Chlorine (Cl) has ________valence electrons and ________electronegativity. 7 /high
_______________is the bonding of two ore more atoms in which one atom give electrons to another atom. ionic bonding
The __________________________________atom will take electrons from the ____________________________ atom. more electronegative/ less electronegative
The ________________ and _______________ions that are formed are _______________ to one another, causing a strong bond. positive and negative/ attracted
What are the only electrons involved in chemical bonding? valence
Why can be use a shorthand way of drawing atoms and showing bonding? valence electrons are the only electrons used in chemical bonding
What is the shorthand way of showing bonding called? The Lewis Dot Structure
What does the Lewis Dot Structure do? It shows the element symbol and the valence electrons represented by dots.
The dots in a Lewis Dot Structure must be drawn so that there is _________________________ one dot on each side of the element symbol before you double it
Using the Lewis Dot Structure show the ionic bond that forms between sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) Can you do this?
The chemical bonding between toms through ___________ of electrons is called___________ sharing/covalent bonding
When does covalent bonding occur? It occurs between atoms with similar electronegativities
Some atoms when covalently bonding can shar_____ or_____ atoms 2/3
This is formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons. double bond
This is formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons. triple bond
When two atoms bond ionically, they form a _____________ compound
The smallest unit of an ionic compound is a ________________ formula unit
The particles of an ionic compound are arranged in a repeated pattern of positive's and negative's. This pattern forms a ___________ crystal lattice
When two ore more atoms bond covalently, they form a _________ molecule
A ________________is the smallest unit of of covalent substance. molecule
_________________ are weaker than ionic bonds. covalent bonds
Since covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds, this causes covalent molecules to have ________________ than ionic compounds lower melting points
Many common metals such as aluminum and tin have ___ or___ ___________ 2/3/valence electrons
Such metals commonly exist as all the same atoms______together bonded
T/F It is not possible for identical elements to bond ionically. True
Can such atoms bond covalently and share electrons so that each atom has an octet? no
Metallic bonding is based upon the _____________ Free Electron Theory
Metal are good conductors of ________________ electricity
Can ionic and covalent molecules conduct electricity by themselves? no
The attraction that holds atoms together? chemical bonds
The measure of how strongly an atom holds its electrons electronegativity
chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another ionic bond
a changed atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons ion
An ion with a positive charge cation
Method of representing atoms and ions Lewis Dot Structure
A solid structure formed by a regular alternation pattern of positive and negative ions crystal lattice
The basic repeating unit of an ionic solid formula unit
A solute that ionizes in solution and conducts electricity Electrolyte
A chemical bond formed by atoms sharing electrons covalent bond
A molecule formed of two identical atoms bonded together diatomic molecule
This occurs when two pairs of electrons are shared in a covalent bond double bond
This is a bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared by the elements triple bond
A particle made up of two or more atoms chemically joined together molecule
A description of metallic bonding that uses randomly shared electrons to explain the properties of metal. free electron theory
A chemical bond in which metal atoms are thought to randomly share their valence electrons metallic bonds
An ion with a negative charge anion
Which electrons are involved in chemical bonds? valence electrons
How many electrons do most atoms need in their outermost energy level to be stable in a compound? a full octet (8) ?
As you move from left to right on the periodic table, what happens to the electronegativity of the elements? increases
What happens to valence electrons in the formation of an ionic bond? transferred from one atom to another
What do we call ions that have a positive charge? Negative? cation/anion
Write the electron dot structure for an atom of selenium (Se).
Give three examples of diatomic molecules and draw the Lewis dot structures for each. Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen
State a definition for covalent bonding. sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms
What kind of molecule is composed of two or more elements? polyatomic
What allows a metal to conduct electricity so well? The free electrons allow solid metals to conduct electricity well because they drift easily with an applied electric force.
Why is it not possible for aluminum atoms to form covalent bonds with other aluminum atoms? free electron theory-all of the valence electrons in a metal are shared by all of the atoms
Tell whether each element has a high or low electronegativity: bromine high
chlorine high
potassium low
lithium low
Define the octet rule. Why is hydrogen an exception to this rule? Atoms are generally most stable when they have a full octet (8 electrons) in their valence level hydrogen?
An element that has a full octet of valence electrons would neither give up nor accept electrons. What group on the periodic table does this describe? 8
What do we call the basic unit of a covalent compound? molecules
Created by: 12myra
 

 



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