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Lymphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (T/F) Fluid that is pushed out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure and is not absorbed at the venous end, it is left in the interstital space and becomes part of the interstital fluid? | True |
| ____ ____ - An elaborate system of drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream? | lymphatic vessels |
| Once interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system it is called ____? | Lymph |
| The lymphatic vessels form a (one/two)-way system in which lymph flows (toward/away) from the heart? | one; toward |
| Transport begins in the microscopic blind-ended ____ ____? | lymphatic capillaries |
| (T/F) Lymph may contain cell debris, pathogens, cancer cells, foreign antigens? | true |
| What are the four types of lymphatic vessels? | 1.lymphatic capillaries 2.lymphatic collecting vessels 3.lymphatic trunks 4.lymphatic ducts |
| Lymphatic capillaries are similar to blood capillaries but differ in what three ways? | 1.blind ended 2.very permeable 3.loosely joined endothelial cells forming mini valves |
| Lymphatic capillaries start at the level of the ____ ____ where they drain into ____ ____ ____? | tissue spaces; lymphatic collecting vessels |
| From the lymphatic collecting vessels several lymphatic ____ are formed? | trunks |
| From the lymphatic trunks two lymphatic _____ are formed? | ducts |
| Lymph is usually clear, colorless fluid, similar to blood plasma but (high/low) in protein? | low |
| Collagen filaments anchor the endothelial cells to surrounding structures so that any (decrease/increase) in interstitial fluid volume (opens/closes) the mini valves? | increase; opens |
| The mini-valves function as (on/two) way gates that allow interstitial fluid to (enter/escape) from the capillaries and (does/does not) allow lymph to escape? | one; enter; does not |
| ____ are specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa? | lacteals |
| Where in the intestinal mucosa are lacteals located? Small or large intestines? | villi; small intestine |
| ____ absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to the blood? | lacteals |
| ____ is the lymph which is coming from the small intestine containing products of fat. Is is milky white? | chyle |
| Lymphatic collecting vessels have the same (1/2/3) tunics as veins? | 3 |
| Like veins, lymphatic collecting vessels have valves but have (less/more) and have (thicker/thinner) walls? | more; thinner |
| Lymphatic collecting vessels in the skin travel with (arteries/veins)? | superficial veins |
| Lymphatic collecting deep vessels travel with (arteries/veins? | arteries |
| Lymphatic _____ are formed by the union of the largest collecting ducts? | trunks |
| What are the five major lymphatic trunks? | 1.paired lumbar 2.paired bronchomediastinal 3.paired subclavian 4.paired jugular 5.single intestinal |
| Lymph is drained from the lymphatic trunks to (one/two) large lymphatic ____? | two; ducts |
| What are the two lymphatic ducts? | right lymphatic duct; thoracic duct |
| The (right lymphatic/thoracic) duct drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax? | right lymphatic duct |
| The (right lymphatic/thoracic) duct receives lymph from the rest of the body (excluding the right upper side)? | thoracic |
| Which duct is larger, right lymphatic or thoracic? | thoracic |
| Wher does the thoracic duct arise from? | anterior to the first two lumbar vertebrae as an enlarged sac |
| What is the large sac of the thoracic duct called? | cisterna chyli |
| ____ are the main cells involved in the immune response? | lymphocytes |
| How many main lymphocytes are there? What are they? | two; T cells, B cells |
| (T cells/B cells)-Manage the immune response and some attack and destroy foreign cells? | T cells |
| (T cells/B cells)-Produce plasma cells which produce and secrete antibodies. Antibodies immobilize antigens? | B cells |
| What are the four other types of lymphoid tissue cells? | 1.NK cells(natural killer cells) 2.macrophages 3.dendritic cells 4. reticular cells |
| ____ cells-destroy virus infected host cells, cancer cells? | NK |
| ____ are phagocyose foreign substances and present antigens to T cells? | macrophages |
| ____ cells-function similar to macrophages | dendrite |
| ____ cells- fibroblast-like cells that form reticular network that supports other cells | reticular |
| What are the two types of structural lymphoid tissue? | 1.diffuse lymphatic tissue 2.lymphoid follicles |
| What is the structural lymphoid tissue found in lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix etc? | lymphoid follicles |
| What is the structural lymphoid tissue found in most body tissues, specially in MALT and forms "sheets"? | diffuse lymphatic tissue |
| What are the two types of lymphatic organs? | primary, secondary |
| (Primary/secondary) lymphoid organs are red bone marrow and thymus? | primary |
| (Primary/secondary) lymphoid organs are lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen? | secondary |
| Why is red bone marrow considered primary? | because it forms all of the blood cells |
| Why is the thymus considered primary? | because it forms the T cells |
| What is the largest lymphoid tissue? | spleen |
| ____ ____ cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body, these are the only lymphoid tissue that act as filters for lymph? | lymph nodes |
| How are lymph nodes given their name? | their location in the body |
| Where are the three clusters of lymph nodes that are located near the body surface and can be palpated? | ingiunal, axillary, cervical |
| (T/F)Filtration of lymph and immune system activation are two of the basic functions of lymph nodes? | true |
| How do lymph nodes filter the lymph? | macrophages destroy microorganisms and debris |
| How do lymph nodes as immune system activation? | monitor for antigens and mount an attack against them |
| Lymph enters the side of the lymph node through the (efferent/afferent) lymphatic vessels? | afferent |
| Lymph exits the node at the hilum through the (efferent/afferent) lymphatic vessels? | efferent |
| In the lymph node, lymph flow is (fast/slow)? Why? | slow; it allows lymphocytes and macrophages time to carry out protective functions |
| The following is a function of the ____: immune surveilance? | spleen |
| The following is a function of the ____: cleanses the blood? | spleen |
| The following is a function of the ____: stores platelets | spleen |
| The following is a function of the ____: RBC destruction? | spleen |
| The following is a function of the ____: site of fetal RBC production? | spleen |
| Where does the right lymphatic duct open to? | right subclavian vein |
| Where does the thoracic duct open to? | left subclavian vein |
| (T/F) The spleen is surrounded by a fibrous capsule? | true |
| What are the two distinct areas of the spleen? | white pulp, red pulp |
| (Red/white) pulp- contains mostly lymphocytes. It is involved in immune functions. | white |
| (Red/white) pulp-has blood sinusoids and is concerned with disposing of worn out RBCs? | red |
| ____ is the bilobed organ located behind the sternum? | thymus |
| The thymus is larger in (children/adults)? | children |
| When does the thymus begin to atrophy? | puberty |
| The ____ functions in T lymphocyte maturation by the action of hormones thymosin & thympoietin | thymus |
| The ____ form a ring of lymphatic tissue around the pharynx? | tonsils |
| What are the four tonsil locations? | 1.palatine tonsils 2.lingual tonsils 3.pharyngeal tonsils 4. tubal tonsil |
| The ____ tonsils are located on wither side of the posterior end of the oral cavity? | palatine |
| The ____ tonsils lie at the base of the tongue? | lingual |
| The ____ tonsils are located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx? | pharyngeal |
| The ____ tonsils surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx? | tubal |
| What is another name for the pharyngeal tonsils? | adenoids |
| ____ ____ are clusters of lymphoid tissue found in the wall of distal part of the small intestine? | Peyer's patches |
| Where specifically in the small intestine are the Peyer's patches located? | ilium |
| What does MALT mean? | mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue |
| (T/F)-Peyer's patches, appendix, tonsils, lymphoid follicles in the walls of the bronchi and mucosa of genitourinary organs are all part of MALT? | true |
| (T/F)-MALT protects passages that are open to the exterior from foreign matter entering them? | true |
| Is the spleen part of MALT? | no |
| Are lymph nodes part of MALT? | no |
Created by:
kmking