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Science Chapter 5

Holt McDougal Earth Science Chapter 5

QuestionAnswer
a natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties mineral
What are the 4 characteristics a substance must have to be a mineral? 1.inorganic 2.occur naturally 3.crystalline solid 4.consistent chemical composition
the 20 most common minerals are what kind of minerals and why? rock-forming; they make up the Earth's crust
Quartz, muscovite, biotite, calcite, dolomite, haltite, gypsum, and ferromahnesian make up what percent of the earth's crust? 90%
All minerals are classified into what 2 main groups? silicate and nonsilicate
a mineral that contains a combination of silicon and oxygen and may also contain one or more metals silicate minerals
silicate minerals make up what percent of the earth's crust 90%
quartz and feldspars make up what percent of the earth's crust? 50%
a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen nonsilicate minerals
nonsilicate minerals make up what percent of the earth's crust 4%
nonsilicate minerals are organized into how many groups based on their chemical composition? 6 groups
each type of mineral is characterized by what? a specific geometric arrangement of atoms
a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern crystal
scientists can study the structure of crystals by using what? x-rays
only atoms other than silicon and oxygen atoms like silicon-oxygen tetrahedral together ex. olivine isolated tetrahedral silicates
basic unit of the structure of silicate minerals; a silicon ion that is chemically bonded to and surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
form when shared oxygen atoms join the tetrahedral to form 3,4,or 6-sided rings ex. beryl/tourmaline ring silicates
each tetrahedron is bonded to two others by shared oxygen atoms ex. pyroxenes single-chain silicates
two single chains of tetrahedral bond to each other double-chain silicates
most double-chain silicates are called... amphiboles
Created by: cbyrd2
 

 



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