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General Sociology
CMU Exam Chpt. 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| affirmative action | positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. |
| amalgamation | the process through which a majority group and a minority group combine to form a new group. |
| anti-semitism | anti-Jewish prejudice |
| apartheid | a former policy of the South African government, designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominate Whites. |
| Racial group | Group set apart from others because of obvious physical differences |
| Ethnic group | Group set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns |
| Minority group | Subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives |
| Racial formation | Sociohistorical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed |
| Stereotypes | Unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences with the group |
| Prejudice | Negative attitude toward an entire category of people |
| Ethnocentrism | Tendency to assume one’s culture and way of life are superior to others |
| Racism | Belief that one race is supreme and others are innately inferior |
| Hate crime | Criminal offense committed because of the offender’s bias against a race, religion, ethnic group, national origin, or sexual orientation |
| Color-blind racism | Use of principle of race neutrality to define racially unequal status quo |
| Discrimination | Denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups based on some type of arbitrary bias |
| Glass ceiling | invisible barrier blocking promotion of qualified individuals in work environment because of gender, race, or ethnicity |
| Institutional discrimination | Denial of opportunities and equal rights that results from operations of a society |
| White privilege | rights or immunities granted to people as a benefit or favor simply because they are white |
| Exploitation Theory | Racism keeps minorities in low-paying jobs and supplies the dominant group with cheap labor |
| Racial profiling | Arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on person’s behavior |
| Contact Hypothesis | Interracial contact between people of equal status in cooperative circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon old stereotypes |
| Genocide | Deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation |
| Segregation | Physical separation of two groups of people in terms of residence |
| Assimilation | Process through which person forsakes his or her cultural tradition to become part of a different culture |
| Pluralism | Based on mutual respect among various groups in a society for one another’s cultures |
| Black Power | Rejected assimilation into White middle-class society |
| model minority or ideal minority | A minority group that succeeds economically, socially, and educationally without confrontations with the majority |
| Symbolic ethnicity: | Emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than deeper ties to one’s ethnic heritage |
| Transitional | An immigrant who sustains multiple social relationships that link his or her society of origin with the society of settlement. |
| The largest racial minority group in the United States | African Americans |
| Racism is a form of what? | Prejudice |
| Intermarriage over several generations, resulting in various groups combining to form a new group, would be an example of. | Amalgamation |
| Aphonso D'Abruzzo changed his name to Alan Alda. His action is an example of | Assimilation |
| In what racial or ethnic groups has one teenager in every six attempted suicide? | Native Americans |
| Sociologists consider race and ethnicity to be _____________ statuses, since people are born into them. | Ascribed |
| _____________ are unreliable generalizations about all members of a group that do not recognize individual differences within the group. | Stereotypes |
| Sociologists use the term ______ to refer to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority. | Prejudice |
| ____________ __________ refers to positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. | Affirmative action |
| Together, the various groups included under the general category ___________ represent the largest minority group in the United States. | Latino or Hispanics |
Created by:
jasowards