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APUSH LT 5 (period 3
Changes Produced by the American Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Second Continental Congress | A convention of delegates from the 13 Colonies. (May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) Managed the war effort, moved toward independence, and adopted the United States Declaration of Independence. Acted as the de facto national government. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Was a Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). |
| George Washington | One of the Founding Fathers, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He also presided over the convention that drafted the Constitution. Later became the first president. |
| Continental Army | Was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Established by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775. Created to coordinate the military efforts against Great Britain. Was supplemented by local militias. |
| Olive Branch Petition | Was adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. Affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain to prevent further conflict. |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | Took place on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston early in the Revolutionary War. While the result was a victory for the British, they suffered heavy losses; Pyrrhic victory. |
| Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to the Kingdom of Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. (Often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men.) |
| Patriots | The colonists of the who violently rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation. |
| "Common Sense" | A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. Published on January 10, 1776. Presented the colonists with an argument for freedom from British rule at a time when independence was still undecided. |
| Prohibitory Act | Passed as a measure of retaliation by Great Britain against the rebellion then going on in her American colonies (which would become the Revolutionary War). Declared and provided for a naval blockade against American ports. |
| "Hessians" | 18th-century German soldiers hired through their rulers by the British Empire. About 30,000 German soldiers served in the 13 Colonies during the Revolutionary War. |
| Declaration of Independence | A statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the 13 American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states. |
| General William Howe | Commander-in-Chief of British forces during the Revolutionary War. Led British troops to a costly victory in the Battle of Bunker Hill, took command of all British forces in America from Thomas Gage, contributed to the failure of the Saratoga campaign |
| Battle of Long Island | Fought on August 27, 1776, was the first major battle in the Revolutionary War. Washington and the Continental Army were driven out of New York entirely after several defeats and forced to retreat. |
| The American Crisis | A pamphlet series by Thomas Paine, published from 1776 to 1783 during the American Revolution. Written to appeal to the common man; clarified the issues at stake in the war and denounced the advocates of a negotiated peace. |
| New Jersey Campaign | A series of battles for control of New York City and the state of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War. Howe was successful in driving Washington out of New York City, using it for the rest of the war as a base for expeditions against other targets. |
| General John Burgoyne | A British army officer who surrendered his army of 5,000 men to the American troops during the Saratoga campaign. (October 17, 1777) |
| Battle of Saratoga | Regarded as a turning point in the war. Once news of Burgoyne's surrender reached France, King Louis XVI decided to enter into negotiations with the Americans that resulted in French entry into the war. |
| Treaty of Alliance | The defensive alliance between France and the United States of America. Promised military support in case of attack by British forces indefinitely into the future. |
| Valley Forge | The site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 during the American Revolutionary War. |
| Baron von Steuben | A Prussian-born military officer who served as Major General of the Continental Army. One of the fathers of the Continental Army in teaching them the essentials of military drills, tactics, and disciplines. |
| General Charles Cornwallis | One of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. His surrender in 1781 to a combined American and French force at the Siege of Yorktown ended significant hostilities in North America. |
| General Benedict Arnold | A general during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental Army but defected to the British Army. Obtained command of the fort at West Point, New York, and plotted to surrender it to the British forces. |
| Battle of Yorktown | A decisive victory by a combined force of American and French troops. Last major battle of the Revolutionary War, as the surrender by Cornwallis of his army prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the conflict. |
| Peace of Paris | Signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America and its allies. Its territorial provisions were "exceedingly generous" to the United States in terms of enlarged boundaries. |
| Articles of Confederation | An agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution. |
| Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom | Drafted in 1777 by Thomas Jefferson. It supported the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, and freedom of conscience. |
| Dunmore's Proclamation | signed on November 7, 1775, by John Murray, royal governor of the British Colony of Virginia. The Proclamation declared martial law[1] and promised freedom for slaves of American Patriots who left their masters and joined the royal forces. |
| Abigail Adams | The wife of John Adams (the second President of the United States). John frequently sought the advice of Abigail on many matters, and their letters are filled with intellectual discussions on government and politics. Early feminist. |
| "Republican Motherhood" | 20th century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution. Daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism; civic duty. |
| John Trumbull | An American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War and was notable for his historical paintings. Later appointed president of the American Academy of the Fine Arts. |
| Noah Webster | Has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." Taught American children how to spell and read, secularizing their education. Standardized the spelling of American English. Attempted phonetic spelling but failed. |
| "Newburgh Conspiracy" | Unrest in 1783 among officers of the American Continental Army due to many officers and men of the Army not receiving pay. Congress gave them five years full pay (to ensure the nation's good credit). |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | Adopted by the United States Congress on May 20, 1785. Under it, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States. Laid the foundations of land policy until passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | An act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787. Created the Northwest Territory. |
| Shays' Rebellion | Armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts in 1786 and 1787. Brought about by a post-war economic depression, a credit squeeze caused by a lack of hard currency, and fiscally harsh government policies instituted in 1785. |
Created by:
lunarue