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Iraqi Music
things to know for iraqi world music test
| Question | Answer | answer cont. |
|---|---|---|
| Maqam | music based from iraq, iraqee refugees, and musicians, the plural is called maqamat, its a set of pitches from which melodies can be constructed. Maqams are the basis for guiding improvisation , they're a way of beginning a piece | Accidentals are a way of deviating from the maqam Modulations: a way from moving from one maqam to another |
| Difference between Arabs, the middle east and muslims | Arab: an ethnolinguistic identifier, speakers of arabic The Middle East: a location, named by westerners Muslim: a religious identifier, someone who follows the islamic religion | |
| Taquism | it is improvisation using a maqam and its own, partly improvised, genre singers of taquisims were usually muslim while the instrumentalists were jewish | two types of taquism environments- Jalsah: held in small, private cafes or homes, a gathering of connoisseurs Haflah: huge public performances, taquism is mixed w other genres |
| Tarab | means ecstasy, a musical value and the the key to understanding middle eastern music | |
| instruments used in maqam | 'Ud: lute that is plucked, 5 strings Quanun: a plucked zither, put on lap and played Buzuq: long necked plucked lute Riqq: a type of tambourine Nay: reed flute Kaman: violin | |
| what is the importance of listening in a taquism | because improv is such an important part of taquism, an artists improvisation is appreciated and met with respect and awe by the "good" listeners, the sammi'ah | |
| how does the audience increase the tarab of a performance | the sammi'ah will exclaim and interact w the performers to increase the ecstasy | |
| Refugee music | lots of musicians were not allowed to perform during saddam hussein's dictatorship, became refugees omar bhashir: successful international career as a refugee musician | Rahim Alhaj: another refugee musician, wrote Horses Acrassicauda: iraqi heavy metal band |
| how does tarab show heterophony? | the improvisation, because everyone can kind of do whatever they want, the result is multiple different melodies | |
| Umm Kulthum | very important to egypt, used western instruments in her traditional egyptian performances and changed the image of female performers, who were originally only considered erotic performers, had ties w the political situation of the time | History: trained by father and at Kuttab (islamic school)to read quran. Because Kulthum's music involved quranic recitations, the word of god, it was relatable,egyptians do no differentiate between religious and non religious very well |
| role of poetry and pronunciation | poetry and pronunciation are VERY important in the middle east, therefore Umm Kulthum's ability to recite the quran, in the form of music, so well, made her invaluable | |
| qasidah | long poem in arabic, usually single meter w a rhyme scheme, comes from preislamic times, characterized as definitely arabic, can be sung, written or read, one line expresses a thought and the meaning of each line contributes to the poem's overall theme | Umm Kulthum's Qasidah: her qasidah's were complex, she was famous for expressing difficult texts using breath control and ornamentation, a skill she picked up as a quranic reciter |
| Kulthum's other important factors | she was broadcasted through all these new technologies, radio, records, film, tv, this made her popular, not just in egypt, but all through the middle east | urbanization was another factor, she was a peasant who moved from the villages to cairo |
| differences between maqam, western scale and raga | maqam uses intervals that are slightly larger or smaller than those found in the west, ie. they sound off tune to westerners, example is maqam bayati |
Created by:
hsinha93