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CIS Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Computers include devices for: | input, processing, output, storage, communication |
| A case that contains electronic componets of the computer used to process data: | system unit |
| Computers that include the electronic components and most storage devices as part of the system unit: | desktop personal computer |
| Computer that contains the monitor and system unit in the same case: | All in one desktop personal computer |
| Computer that contains the system unit positioned below the keyboard, providing functionality similar to a traditional notebook or netbook: | Convertible Tablet PC |
| Computer in which the display attaches to the system unit with a swivel type hinge which enables a user to rotate the display and fold it down over the keyboard: | Convertible Tablet PC |
| Electronic components of a system unit: | processor, memory, adapter cards, drive bays, power supply |
| The main circuit board of the system unit: | motherboard, system board |
| Small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integreted circuits are etched: | chip |
| Contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current: | integrated circuit |
| Acts as an electronic switch that opens and closes the circuit for electrical charges: | transistor |
| Interpets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer: | processor, central processing unit (CPU) |
| A single chip with two or more separate processor cores: | multi-core processor |
| Part of the computer that contains the circuitry necessary to execute instructions: | processor core |
| Two common multi-core processors: | dual-core processor, quad-core processor |
| A chip that contains two separate processor cores: | dual-core processor |
| A chip with four separate processor cores: | quad-core processor |
| Runs at a slower clock speed than a single processor, but increases overall performance: | multi-core processor |
| Contained in processors and work together to perform processing operations: | control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU) |
| Component to the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer: | control unit |
| Component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations: | arithmetic logic unit (ALU) |
| A processors set of four basic operations: | machine cycle |
| Machine cycle: | fetching, decoding, executing, storing |
| The machine cycle of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory: | fetching |
| The machine cycle of translating the instruction into signals the computer can execute: | decoding |
| The machine cycle of carrying out the command: | executing |
| The machine cycle of writing the results into memory: | storing |
| When the processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction without having to wait: | pipelining |
| Small quarts crystal that the processor uses to control the timing of all computer operations: | system clock |
| one tick: | clock cycle |
| Pace to the system clock that is measured by the number of ticks per second: | clock speed |
| Computer processors clock speed range: | gigahertz (GHz) |
| One gigahertz equals: | one billion ticks per second |
| The faster the clock speed: | the more instructions the processor can execute per second |
| Used to dissipate processor heat: | heat sinks, heat pipes, liquid cooling |
| A small ceramic or metal compoent with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical component such a a processor: | heat sink |
| Same as a heat sink except smaller and cools processors in notebooks, netbooks, and Tablet PC: | heat pipe |
| Uses a continous flow of fluid such as water and glycol in a process that transfers the heated fluid away from the processor to a radiator type grill, which cools the returns the cooled fluid to the processor: | liquid cooling technology |
| Uses continous wave form signals that vary in strength and quality: | analog |
| Two states of on and off: | digital |
| Representation of the digital status: | 0 and 1 |
| Represents electricity on: | 1 |
| Represents electricity off: | 0 |
| Number system that has two unique digits of 0 and 1: | binary system |
| The smallest unit of data the computer can process, 0 and 1: | bit (binary digit) |
| Eight bits are grouped together as a unit: | byte |
| A byte provide enough different combinations of zeros and ones to represent: | 256 characters |
| Most widely used coding scheme to represent data: | ASCII, American Standard Code of Information Interchange |
| 16 bit coding scheme that has the capacity of representing more that 65,000 characters and symbols: | unicode |
| Electonic components of a computer that stores instructions waiting to be executed by the processor: | memory |
| Three basic items that memory stores: | operating system, application programs, data |
| A unique number that identifies the location of a byte in memory: | address |
| Memory size equal to 1000 bytes: | kilobyte (KB,K) |
| Memory size equal to one million bytes: | megabyte (MB) |
| Memory size equal to one billion bytes: | gigabyte (GB) |
| Memory size equal to one trillion bytes: | terabyte (TB) |
| Two types of memory contained in the system unit: | volatile memory, nonvolatile memory |
| Loses its contents when the computer power is turned off; temporary memory: | volatile memory |
| Does not lose its contents when the computer power is turned off; permanent memory: | nonvolatile memory |
| Most common type of volatile memory: | RAM |
| Nonvolatile memory: | ROM, flash memory, CMOS |
| Main computer memory that consist of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the prosessor and other devices: | random access memory (RAM) |
| A small circuit board where RAM chips usually reside: | memory module |
| Holds memory modules on the motherboard: | memory slots |
| Three types of memory modules (page 225): | SIMMs, DIMMs, RIMMs |
| Improves computer processing times: | cache |
| Two types of cache: | memory cache, disk cache |
| Helps speed the process of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data: | memory cache |
| Two types of memory cache: | L1 cache, L2 cache |
| Built directly in the processor chip, has very small capacity: | L1 cache |
| Sightly lower in bytes but has a much larger capacity: | L2 cache |
| A type of L2 cache built directly on the processor chip of current processors and perform at much faster rates: | advanced transfer cache (ATC) |
| A cache on the motherboard that is separate from the processor chip: | L3 cache |
| Memory chips storing permanent data and instructions, cannot be modified, nonvolatile: | Read-only memory (ROM) |
| ROM chips that contain permanently written data, instructions, or information: | firmware |
| A blank ROM chip on which a programmer can write permanently using a microcode instructions to program, cannot be erased or changed: | programmable read-only memory (PROM) |
| A variation of a PROM chip which allows a programmer to erase the microcode with an electric signal, flash drive: | electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) |
| A type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electonically and rewritten similar to EEPROM: | flash memory |
| Technology used in some RAM chips, flash memory and other memory chips, that provide high speeds and consume little power by using battery power to retain information even when the power to a computer is off: | compelementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) |
| The amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instructions, and information from memory: | access time (page 229) |
| A socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card: | expansion slot |
| A circuit board that enhances functons of a component of the system unit and provides connections to peripherals: | adapter card, expansion card |
| A device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer: | peripheral |
| Examples of peripherals: | modems, disk drives, printers, scanners, keyboards |
| Enhances the sound generating capabilities of a computer: | sound card |
| Converts computer output into video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen: | video card, graphic card |
| The location on a computer where a peripheral attaches to a system unit: | port |
| Word used to identify audio and video ports: | jack |
| Joins a cable to a port: | connector |
| Can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector: | USB port |
| Devices that connect to a USB port: | mouse, printer, digital camera, scanner, speakers, portable media player, optical disk drive, smart phone, PDA, game console, removable hard disk. |
| A device that plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB port: | USB hub |
| Each channel that allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other: | bus |
| The size of a bus that determines the number of bits the computer can transmit at one time: | bus width |
| The number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time: | word size |
| Three basic types of buses: | system bus, backside bus, expansion bus |
| Part of the motherboard and connects the processor to main memory: | system bus, front side bus |
| Connects the processor to cache | backside bus |
| Allows the processor to communicate with peripheral: | expansion bus |
| An opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment: | bay |
| A rectangular opening that typically holds disk drives: | drive bay |
| Bay opening from outside the system unit: | external bay |
| Bay concealed inside the system unit: | internal bay |
| The component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power: | power supply |
| External power supply: | AC adapter |
Created by:
agmcneely