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intimate relationshi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social support | a variety of emotional and material support a person recieves from others |
| emotional support | esteem, caring, attachment, empathy, reassurance of worth, affection |
| instrumental support | material goods, only tangible resource |
| what is a social network and how is it related to health and well-being? | social network is all the people that fill the 12 roles. network diversity breeds lower rates of mortality and fewer depressive symptoms. |
| what is the relationship between social support and pregnancy? | women with MORE support have easier labor and babies w higher APGAR scores. women with HIGHER QUALITY support have high scores and less pospartum depression. |
| does social support have to come from a human being to be effective? explain | no they can get social support from animals because they dont judge |
| compare and contrast received VS perceived support and why one is more beneficial | perceived support is general believe that others will be there when you need them. received support is interpersonal transactions, help them in response to specific need.?????????? why is one more beneficial??? |
| know the differences between descriptive and evaluative disclosures and between breadth and depth of disclosures. | descriptive disclosure is facts about self. evaluative disclosure is personal feelings, opinions, judgements. breadth is how much info while depth is how intimate. |
| Friends with benefits | Relationship that consist of friends who are sexually but not romantically involved. |
| Describe any gender differences in FWB behavior | Men: more involved in simultaneous FWB Women: Desire to connect emotionally as a primary motivator. |
| What % of people reported being in FWB situation at some point in their lives? | 60% of participants |
| Define “hook-up” and explain how that is different from FWB | Hook-ups are like one night stands where people hook up in the heat of the moment and occur only once. Friends with benefits is an agreement both people have and sexual encounters occur more than once. |
| What are the risks of engaging in FWB behaviors? | unwanted pregnancies, sexual violence or sexually transmitted infections. |
| What do rewards and costs mean, in terms of social exchange theory? | Instrumental is task-oriented Affectional is emotional |
| What is the norm of reciprocity and how is it related to social exchange theory? | To receive, we must also give |
| Define Interdependence | When each partner’s outcomes are linked |
| How is the simple standard computed? | Rewards – costs = Outcomes |
| Define Comparison level and comparison level for alternatives and describe how they are related to satisfaction and dependence | o Comparison level= Your outcomes compared to what you think is expected and acceptable. Satisfaction/Disatisfaction o Comparison level for alternatives=Your outcomes compared to other alternatives currently available Dependence/Independence |
| What are the four types of relationships identified by social exchange theory? How are CL and Clalt related in each. | 1. Attractive Stability: Outcomes exceed both Cl and CLalt 2. Attractive Instability: Outcomes exceed expectations but could possibly do better by leaving relationship for alternative possibility |
| What are the four types of relationships identified by social exchange theory? How are CL and Clalt related in each. | 3. Unattractive Stability: Person is unhappy because he is getting less from relationship than expected but believes would be worse off 4. Unattractive Instability: Person’s outcomes are below his/her CL and CLalt and don’t last |
| Why aren’t comparison levels always stable over time? | Based on prior experiences, therefore, they are flexible o Cause of change are relationship experiences and changing culture |
| • What are the criticisms of social exchange theory? | o Are we really greedy hedonists? o Do we really treat close relationships the same as we do acquaintances? o Maybe we didn’t get the whole story! |
| • Define relational turbulence | as partners spend more time together, they disrupt each others routines. |
| • Compare and contrast communal and exchange relationships | o Communal relationships: Give benefits in response to need with no expectation of receiving similar benefit in return o Exchange Relationships: Give benefits with expectation of receiving comparable benefits in return |
| • What are the emotional effects of under-benefit and over-benefit? | overben=guilt,discomfort. under ben=anger, resentment |
| •• Define commitment | o Psychological attachment o Behavioral intention to stay o Long-term orientation |
| • According to Rusbult’s Investment Model of Commitment, what three factors contribute to commitment? Be able to describe each. | o 1) Satisfaction: Favorably evaluate your relationship and feel that partner satisfies important needs o 2) Alternatives: a) Quality of your realistic alternatives b) Strength of forces pulling you away from your relationship |
| • According to Rusbult’s Investment Model of Commitment, what three factors contribute to commitment? Be able to describe each. | 3) Investments: Things you put into your relationship that you would lose if the relationship ended. |
| • What are examples of investments? | o Investments increase the cost of ending a relationshp |
| • Describe Johnson’s personal, moral, and constraint commitment | o Motivation to stay depends on: Personal commitment= One WANTS to stay Moral commitment= one OUGHT to stay Constraint commitment= one HAS to stay |
| • Describe accommodation and willingness to sacrifice. | o Accommodation: Willingness to inhibit destructive responses to partners poor behavior o Willingness to Sacrifice: Give up own outcomes for the good of the relationship |
| • What are the two cognitive biases that may be consequences of commitment? | o 1) Reject and derogate alternatives especially attractive (threatening) ones. o 2) |
| • Define the perceived superiority effect | they think their relationships are better than those of other people |
| • What is social cognition | o Processes of perception and judgment with which we make sense of our social world |
| • Compare and contrast the three types of schemas: Working models, Relational Schemas (be able to fully describe Relational Schemas), and The Interpersonal Self | Working Models: Break down a construct, like attachment, and determine the structure and content working models Relational Schemas: Schemas for relationships are special, different from other schemas |
| Compare and contrast the three types of schemas: Working models, Relational Schemas (be able to fully describe Relational Schemas), and The Interpersonal Self | Model of self Model of other If…then rules Who we are depends on who we are interacting with |
| • The Interpersonal Self: | : How much your sense of self includes parts of your partner and self changes in the course of the relationship |
| • Are first impressions easy or difficult to change? Why? | o Difficult because they tend to be lasting, accurate, and influence future interations |
| • How are primacy effects and confirmation bias related to first impressions? | o Primacy effect: The tendency for the first information we receive about others to carry special weight o Conformation bias: a tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypothesis |
| • Compare and contrast “Schema-driven” and “mood-congruent” memories | o Schema –driven memory: Will remember schema relevance and schema-consistent information. Schema-inconsistent information may be memorable because its unexpected o Mood-Congruent memory: Remember information that is consistent with current mood |
| • What is impression management? Why do we engage in impression management? | o Impression management: Present ourselves in particular ways to influence impressions. o We actively present ourselves in particular ways to influence impression. |
| • Compare and contrast Self-Verification and Self-Enhancement | o Self-Verification: People seek feedback that confirms their self-conceptions Anticipate acceptance o Self-enhancement: Need for coherent self over-rides need for self-enhancement |
| • Why would someone with a negative self –concept choose self-verification over self-enhancement? | o Someone with a negative self-concept will choose self-verification over self enhancement because people prefer to interact with others who confirm their self-image even when this image is negative as long as they feel validated. |
| • What is the marriage shift? | o Marriage shift: Satisfaction was greatest when partners were verified, even when verification was negative |
| • Define positive illusions | are unrealistically favorable attitudes that people have towards themselves. |
| • Describe the results of the Murray study on positive illusions | 1. We should be happier when we idealize 2. Our partner should be happier when we idealize |
| interpersonal gap graph | sender to reciever |
| social support graph | pets! |
| investment model figure | 3 predictors and 3 outcomes |
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