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bio244Lexam2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joint Classification: What are the structural classification subcategories? | fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints |
| Joint Classification: What are the functional classification subcategories? | synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis |
| Fibrous joints lack | cartilage and synovial cavity |
| In fibrous joints, bones are held together by | dense irregular connective tissue |
| Examples of fibrous joints | suture joints and teeth joints |
| cartilaginous joints consist of | a bar of cartilage between two bones |
| Cartilaginous joints lack a ____________ and provide little or no _____ | synovial cavity; movement |
| Examples of cartilaginous joints | pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs |
| Synovial joints are more ______ and ______ hold bones together to form a synovial cavity and a ____________ | complex; ligaments ; freely moveable joint |
| 2 layered capsule encloses the synovial cavity: | outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane |
| Synovial membrane secretes _______ and ____________ by lubricating the joint and _____________ | synovial fluid; reduces friction; absorbing shocks |
| What else does a synovial membrane do? | supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cartilage, removes carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes |
| synarthroses are ______ joints ex) | immoveable; like fibrous joints of the skull |
| amphiarthroses are ________ joints ex) | slightly movable; cartilaginous pubic symphysis |
| diarthroses are ________ joints ex) | freely movable; big "ball and socket" synovial joints of shoulder and hip |
| joint capsules are composed of... | dense irregular connective tissue lined by a synovial membrane; they encompass the joint cavity and the synovial fluid within in=t. |
| menisci are.. | pads of fibrocartilage ; found between articular surfaces |
| articular discs provide | superior strength and allow bones of different shapes to fit together more tightly |
| ligaments can blend with other _______ to become part of a _______ | connective tissue; joint capsule |
| nerve endings respond to the ________ and ________ and convey information about ________ | degree of movement, stretch; pain from the joint to the spinal cord and brain |
| planar joint- | articulating surface is flat or slightly curved permitting back and forth and side to side movements |
| hinge joint- | the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another, producing an opening and closing action like a hinge |
| pivot joint- | rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring structure formed by another bone and a ligament (allowing rotation around its longitudinal axis) |
| condyloid joint- | the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression allowing movement around two axes |
| saddle joint | articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped. (modified condyloid joint) range of motion is expanded to include movement around all 3 axes |
| ball and socket joint | the ball surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another bone. Allow the most movement of any joint. ex) shoulder |
| ROM is also affected by | hormones and disuse |
| Foramen | opening |
| fossa | shallow depression |
| sulcus | groove |
| meatus | tubelike passageway or canal |
| condyle | large, round protuberance |
| facet | smooth flat articular surface |
| trochanter | very large projection |
| tuberosity | large, rounded, roughened projection |
Created by:
sbush0804