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TOEFL Prep
Stems
| STEM | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -bio- | life | biology, biodiversity, antibiotic |
| -cap-, -capit- | head, chief | captain, capital, decapitate |
| -cede-, -ceed-, -cess- | go, move | concede, proceed, success |
| -chron- | time | chronicle, anachronism |
| -cred- | believe | credit, incredible, creed |
| -dic-, -dict- | say, speak | dictator, predict, jurisdiction |
| -dorm- | sleep | dormant, dormitory |
| -duc-, -duct- | lead | duct, introduce, reduction |
| -fact-, -fect- | make, do | factory, manufacture, effect |
| -fid-, -feder- | trust, faith | confidence, federation |
| -flect-, -flex- | bend | deflect, reflect, flexible |
| -geo- | earth | geology, geothermal |
| -graph-, -gram- | write, draw | graphic, photography, grammar |
| -hydro- | water | hydroelectric, dehydrate |
| -log-, -ology- | work, study | logic, catalog, psychology |
| -luc-, -lum-, -lus- | light | translucent, illuminate, luster |
| -man-, -manu- | hand | manual, manager, manuscript |
| -mit-, -miss- | send | transmit, omit, mission |
| -mob-, -mot-, -mov- | move | automobile, emotion, remove |
| -mort- | death | mortality, immortal, mortify |
| -nov- | new | novice, innovation, renovate |
| -phon-, -son- | sound | microphone, supersonic |
| -polis-, -polit- | city | metropolis, politics, police |
| -pon-, -pos- | put, place | postpone, position, deposit |
| -port- | carry | portable, reporter, import |
| -rect- | right, straight | correct, rectangle, rectify |
| -scrib-, -script- | write | describe, script, inscription |
| -secut-, -sequ- | follow | consecutive, sequence |
| -spec-, -spect- | look at, see, observe | spectator, spectacle, inspector |
| -struct- | build | structure, instruct, destructive |
| -therm- | heat | thermometer, hypothermia |
| -ven-, -vene- | come | convention, intervene |
| -ver- | true | verify, conversation, universal |
| -vid-, -vis- | see | video, visit, invisible |
| -viv-, -vita- | alive, life | vivid, revive, vitamin |
| -voc-, -vok- | call, voice | vocal, vocabulary, revoke |