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Roman Empire
H. World History Ch.7 Part 2 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Liberators | The liberators were the assassinators of Julius Caesar. They were his opponents in his Senate, including Brutus and Cassius. They wanted to kill him because Caesar destroyed the Republic and wanted to be king. |
| Tiberius | adequate, but disliked ruler; crucifixion of Christ |
| Claudius | conquered Britain; murdered; expanded the bureaucracy; extended citizenship to some in the provinces |
| Nero | great fire in Rome; cruel; unpredictable policies; suicide; blamed the burning of Rome on the Christians |
| Titus | destruction of Pompeii happened during his rule |
| Trajan | last emperor to be a conqueror; most popular of all emperors; cut taxes |
| Hadrian | supported arts; organized and Romanized provinces; Hadrian's wall; gave up some of Trajan's conquests; expelled Jews from Judea |
| Caracalla | emperor who gave citizenship to every free person in the empire to collect an inheritance tax that all citizens had to pay |
| Marcus Aurelius | stoic philosopher; defended empire against barbarian invasion from the north and east; wrote Meditations; fought Germans |
| first true hereditary dynasty | Flavian Emperors (Vespasian, Titus, Domitian) |
| how Octavian accumulated power | legally through Senate resolutions and votes of the assemblies |
| how did Christianity begin | as a movement within Judaism |
| first Christian emperor | Constantine |
| Edict of Milan | recognizes Christianity as a religion; ends persecution; Constantine |
| Council of Nicaea | 1st council of Christian Church; rejects hearsays; adopts Niceane Creed |
| Theodosius | last ruler of a unified empire; made Christianity the official religion of Roman empire |
| Julian the Apostate | raised a Christian, but returned to paganism; proclaimed toleration for all religions; took away some Christian privileges |
| Battle of Adrianople | huge Roman defeat; Germans vs. Rome; Government never recovers its stability |
| propitiate | to satisfy; to make happy |
| Odoacer | overthrows the last emperor and becomes "King of Italy"; ostrogoth |
| the role of the armies in the period between the death of Caesar and the Battle of Actium | Armies are loyal to Caesar's name. They forced the formation of the 2nd Triumvirate. They forced war against the assassins (Liberators) and the Senate, because of their loyalty to Caesar. |
| why the rise of Octavian was the end of the Roman Republic | He now had the power of the government; demobilizes army; Senate went from 1000-600; 2 years to consolidate power and reconcile rule by 1 with Rome's constitutional traditions |
| what did Octavian call himself? Why? | princeps; Caesar used the title "emperor" and was assassinated; he did not want the same to happen to him |
| what allowed the Pax Romana to happen | the reforms of Caesar |
| characteristics that helped the Romans build and maintain their empire | talent for ruling others; maintained their authority through efficient government, both at home and abroad; law, military organization, widespread trade, and transportation held the empire together and brought peace |
| what the government did for the empire | provided the strongest unifying force in the empire; ruled a population of about 100 million; maintained order, enforced laws, defended the frontiers and provided relief when fires or earthquakes damaged the areas |
| how provinces were governed during the Roman Republic | governors received no salary; license to steal for one year; chosen based on who they knew; not as efficient as during the Pax Romana |
| how provinces were governed during the Roman Empire | governors had salary; governors appointed only based on ability; positions desired for honor and salary; governed better than during Republic; closer check on provincial governors |
| how the Twelve Tables were modified and expanded | the government could pass new laws as needed; judges would interpret old laws to fit new situations |
| why were the changes to the Twelve Tables necessary | with these changes, Roman law could be adapted to fit customs of all people in its provinces |
| primary occupation of people of Roman Empire | farmers |
| most important contribution of Roman architects | concrete; it made making large buildings possible because of cost and engineering |
| purpose of Aeneid | to show that Aeneas, a prince of Troy, had fulfilled his mission to establish the Romans in Italy and started Rome on its divine mission to rule the world |
| the five Romance languages | Spanish, Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese |
| paterfamilias | the oldest male in a family; had all the authority and power; including the power of life and death over family members |
| what the Roman state religion focused on. why? | polytheism; emperor worship because of a desire for a more emotional, spiritual experience and because they were promised a superior afterlife |
| Jews' reaction to Roman rule | Sadduces- favored cooperat. w/ Romans; Pharisees- close observ. of relig. protects Jew. identity; Essenes- waited to God to save Israel frm oppression.. a Messiah; Zealots- violent overthrow of Roman rule; Jewish Revolt- crushed, destroyed Temple (Masada) |
| why Christians were seen as a threat to public morals and order in the Roman Empire | Christians refused to worship the state gods or emperors; refusal was seen as treason punishable by death |
Created by:
sruti1