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Chapter 13 chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is chemical bonding | the joining of atoms to form a new substance |
| what is a chemical bond | a bond that forms when 2 atoms join |
| how do chemical bonds form | when electrons in atoms react |
| what can happen to electrons in an atom when a chemical bond forms | they can be shaared, lost, or gained |
| where are electrons found | outside the nucleus in layers called energy levels |
| how many electrons can the first energy level hold | 2 |
| how many electrons can the second and third energy levels hold | 8 |
| do all electrons in an atom interact to form bonds | no, only valence electrons |
| what is a valence electron | an electron in the outermost enegry level |
| what determines what kinds of bonds an atom can form | how many valence elctrons it has |
| what is an atomic number | tells you how many protons and electrons are in an atom of an element |
| do any elements have the same number of protons | no |
| what does the number of protons in an atom equal | number of electrons |
| if atom's atomic number is 14, how many valence electrons are in the 3rd level | 4 |
| when is an atom most stable | when the outer energy level is full |
| why do atoms bond with one another | to fill the outer energy level |
| what are ionic bonds | bonds that form when valence electrons are transferred from 1 atom to the other |
| when is an atom most stable | when the outer energy level is full |
| why do atoms bond with one another | to fill the outer energy level |
| what are ionic bonds | bonds that form when valence electrons are transferred from 1 atom to the other |
| what kind of charge does an electron have | negative |
| what kind of charge do protns have | positive |
| when is an atom neutral | when the protons and electrons are equal |
| what is an ion | a charged particle when the protons and electrons aren't even |
| how does an ion become positive | when an atom loses electrons |
| what is needed for the attraction between the electron and the proton to be broken | energy |
| what makes an ion become positive | the forming of negative ions during ionic bonds |
| why is it easier to for nonmetals to gain electrons | they have a fuller outermost energy level |
| what does the name of a negative ion formed from an element end in | -ide |
| when does an atom release more energy | when it can easily gain electrons |
| what are the elements in group 17 | halogens |
| what does a halogen atom give off when it gains an electron | lots of energy |
| why do ionic bonds form | positive ions are attracted to negative ions |
| why is the compound that ions form neutral when the ions themselves are charged | charges of 2 ions cancel out |
| what is a crystal | a hard solid with flat faces and straight edges |
| what is a crystal lattice | a repeating three-dimensional pattern of positive and negative ions |
| what are covalent bonds | a bond that forms when atoms share electrons |
| what do covalent bonds form from | atoms of nonmetals |
| how do electrons behave in covalent bonds | they move between the two atoms |
| what are molecules | atoms that join with each other by covalent bonds |
| what are most molecules made of | atoms of 2 or more elements |
| what is the smallest piece of a covalent compound | a molecule |
| what is a diatomic molecule | a molecule made up of only 2 bonded elements |
| what is a diatomic element | when the two bonded elements are the same element |
| in a diatomic molecule, what are each of the shared electrons counted as | valence electrons |
| what determines howe many covalent bonds a molecule has | the number of shared pairs of electrons |
| how many valence electrons does carbon have | 4 |
| what is a metallic bond | bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around the ions |
| what can valence lectrons do in a metallic bond | they can move throughout the metal |
| why can a wire conduct an electric current when it is connected to an electrical source | the valence electrons are free to move throughout the wire |
| why does metal not break no matter how the shape is altered | atoms can be rearranged because electrons move around freely, the valence electrons are constantly moving around the metal ions, and the movement maintains the metallic bond |
| what is ductility | the ability to be shaped into long, thin wires |
| what is malleability | the ability to be hammered into thin sheets |
Created by:
jeremyb
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