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Anatomy Ch. 13.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cavities (in brain) continuous with one another and central canal of the spinal cord. Four. | ventricles |
| The two lateral ventricles are located in the __. | cerebrum |
| The third ventricle is located within the __. | diencephalon |
| The fourth ventricle is located within the __ and __. | pons and cerebellum |
| __ __ (__) is a clear, colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space. Performs functions: buoyancy, protection, and environmental stability. | cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
| Higher intellectual functions (concentration, decision making, planning); personality; verbal communication; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles. | frontal lobe |
| Sensory interpretation of textures and shapes; understanding speech and formulating words to express thoughts and emotions. | parietal lobes |
| Interpretation and storage of auditory and olfactory sensations; understanding speech. | temporal lobes |
| Conscious perception of visual stimuli; integration of eye-focusing movements; correlation of visual images with previous visual experiences. | occipital lobe |
| Interpretation of taste; memory. | insula lobe |
| The cerebral hemispheres are separated by a narrow, deep cleft called the __ __ that extends along the midsagittal plane. | longitudinal fissure |
| The cerebral hemispheres are separate from one another, except at a few locations where bundles of axons called __ form white matter regions that allow for communication between them. | tracts |
| The largest of the white matter tracts called the __ __ connects the hemispheres. It provides the main method of communication between these hemispheres. | corpus callosum |
| The __ partially forms the posterior roof of the diencephalon and covers the third ventricle. The posterior portion of the __ houses the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei. | epithalamus |
| The __ __ or __ __, is an endocrine gland. It secretes the hormone __ which appears to help regulate day-night cycles known as the body's circadian rhythm. | pineal gland or pineal body, melatonin |
| The __ __ help relay signals from the limbic system to the midbrain and are involved in visceral and emotional responses to odors. | habenular nuclei |
| The __ is identified as the paired oval masses of gray matter that lie on either side of the third ventricle. The principal and final relay point for incoming sensory information that is processed and then projected to the primary somatosensory cortex. | thalamus |
| The __ is the anteroinferior region of the diencephalon. A thin, starlklike __ extends inferiorly from the __ to attach to the pituitary gland. Controller of ANS (fight or flight) and endocrine (hormones). | hypothalamus, infundibulum, hypothalamus |
| The __ is a bulging region on the anterior part of the brainstem that forms from part of the metencephalon. Autonomic respiratory centers and nuclei for several cranial nerves. | pons |
| The __ __ is often called the __ and is formed from the myelencephalon. It is the most caudal (inferior) part of the brainstem and is continuous w/the spinal cord inferiorly. Pyramids (motor tracts) and autonomic nuclei (cardiac; respiratory vasomotor). | medulla oblongata, medulla |
| The __ develops from the metencephalon. It produces fine control over muscular actions and stores memories of movement patterns. Composed of white (arbor vitae) and gray matter. Coordination center (fine tuning, balance, proprioception). | cerebellum |
| List the four main regions of the brain: | cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum |
| What is the main function of the thalamus? | sensory relay center |
| What is the main function of the hypothalamus? | controls endocrine system |
| What structures make up the brainstem? | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| What is the main function of the cerebellum? | coordination of skeletal muscle movement |
| Olfactory Nerve (I): | olfaction (smell) |
| Optic Nerve (II): | vision |
| Oculomotor Nerve (III): | elevates eyelid |
| Trochlear Nerve (IV): | eye muscle |
| Trigeminal Nerve (V): | general sensory (face) and mastication (chewing) |
| Abducens Nerve (VI): | eye muscle |
| Facial Nerve (VII): | facial expression |
| Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII): | hearing/equilibrium |
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX): | touch and taste tongue |
| Vagus Nerve (X): | visceral sensory info. from pharynx, larynx, carotid bodies, heart, lungs, most abdominal organs |
| Accessory Nerve (XI): | trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| Hypoglossal Nerve (XII): | tongue muscles |
Created by:
khinson