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1.The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called:
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2.In response to a cold temperature, your body will shiver reflexively. Using Pavlov's terminology, the cold temperature would be termed a(n):
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psychology exam 2
chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called: | Conditioning |
| 2.In response to a cold temperature, your body will shiver reflexively. Using Pavlov's terminology, the cold temperature would be termed a(n): | Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) |
| 3.Which behavior is a reflex, meaning that it is governed by the nervous system and occurs automatically? | Shivering in response to cold |
| 4.If you shine a bright light directly into a person's eye, the pupil of the eye will reflexively constrict. Using Pavlov's terminology, the bright light would be termed the _____, and the pupil constricting would be termed the _____. | UCS(unconditioned stimulus); UCR(uncondtioned response) |
| 5.A young child has learned to associate the sight of a nurse's white uniform with the fear and pain of getting an injection. If the young child begins reacting with fear to the sight of any white jacket, what has occurred? | Stimulus Generalization |
| 6.Which of the following has the greatest impact on the strength of the conditioned response? | the timing of stimulus presentations |
| who was the author of a landmark article“Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It.”The opening sentences read,“Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. | John B. Watson |
| 8.The famous “Little Albert” study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrated: | that it was possible to conduct an emotional reaction to a previously neutral stimulus |
| 9.Which of the following represents a valid criticism of the ethics of Watson and Rayner's “Little Albert” study? | Watson and Rayner intentionally induced a lasting fear in an infant, and they did not attempt to extinguish it when the experiment was over. |
| 10.Habitual coffee drinkers experience an almost immediate sense of alertness when sip coffee,even though it takes 20 min for the caffeine in the coffee to reach significant levels in the bloodstream. What is the best explanation for this phenomenon | After being repeatedly repaired with the drug caffeine, the smell and taste of coffee have become a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response of alertness |
| 11.A psychological and/or physiological response to what is actually a fake treatment or drug is called | a placebo response or a placebo effect |
| One group of rats heard a tone just before each of 20 shocks. The second group of rats experienced the same 20 tone-shock pairings, but also experienced an additional 20 shocks that were not paired with a tone. How did the two groups differ? | The rats in the first group displayed a much stronger conditioned fear response to the tone than did the rats in the second group. |
| 13.Ever since she foolishly drank too much beer at a rock concert and vomited all over her boyfriend, Sharon becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of beer. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is _____. | The smell or taste of beer; nausea |
| 14.Caleb had a wonderful time on his first date with Shauna. Because of this, he asked Shauna to go out on a second date. What best explains Caleb's behavior of asking Shauna for another date? | the law of effect |
| 15.To avoid losing any data on his computer, Tom consistently backs up his computer data to a second hard drive. Using operant conditioning terms, Tom's behavior of backing up his data to a second hard drive is an example of | Negative reinforcement by avoidance |
| 16.While a primary reinforcer derives its reinforcing value _____, conditioned reinforcers derive their reinforcing value _____. | Naturally; from primary reinforcer |
| 17.After buying an electric grass trimmer, Richard wears shorts & bare feet to trim the grass.He moved the trimmer too close to his leg,gashed,cut his ankle.He no longer wears shorts or barefoot when trimming.Using operant conditioning terms example | punishment by application |
| 18.The 5th time that semester that Tyler was late for school, he was given a detention and told to show up the following Friday at 7:30 AM He did so, but the following Monday was late to school again. In operant conditioning terms | Punishment has not occurred, because the operant response of being late to school was not suppressed. |
| 19.“Now this time,don't close your eyes.Keep your eye on the ball,so you know when to close your hands,”Mark said in the process of teaching his kid to play catch.In operant conditioning terms,Mark is using _ to teach his kid how to catch a ball. | Shaping |
| 20.Applying conditioning principles in the workplace,a retailer allowed employees to choose their own reinforcers.Casual dress code & flexible work hrs proved to be effective in increasing productivity.The employer used _to improve employee performance. | Behavior Modification |
| 21.Rats are allowed to wander through a maze for several days with no food reward at the end of it. On the tenth day, a food reward is placed at the end of the maze. Which of the following results would provide evidence for latent learning? | The rats improve very little in how quickly they reach the end of the maze for the first ten days, but dramatically improve their performance on day 11. |
| 22.Angela's friend Drew is about to dropping out of college b/c no matter how hard he studied,he couldn't seem to get his grades above a C.Angela realized that Drew was experiencing feelings of learned helplessness.What should she advise Drew to do? | Break tasks down into smaller, manageable goals and seek information about exactly what was needed to succeed in each class. |
| to train a raccoon to pick up two coins & deposit them in a metal box.Instead,the raccoon would rub the coins together,much as raccoons do with their food in the wild. This tendency of the raccoon to revert to its natural behavior patterns is termed: | Instinctive drift |
| 24.According to Bandura, what four cognitive processes are necessary for imitation of behavior that has been only observed | Attention, memory, ability to perform the behavior, and motivation. |
| 25.According to the Chapter 5 Application on improving self-control, why should you try to study in the same location? | the particular location can become a discriminative stimulus that sets the occasion for studying |
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