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crim chapter 5
chapter 5 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| forensic psychology | the application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system; also called criminal psychology |
| criminal psychology | the application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system; also called forensic psychology |
| forensic psychiatry | a branch of psychiartry having to do with the study of crime and criminality |
| psychological theory | a theory derived from the behavioral sciences that focuses on the individual as the unit of analysis. psychological theories place the locus of crime causation within the personality of the individual offender |
| conditioning | a psychological principle that holds the frequency of any behavior can be increased or decreased through reward, punishment, or association with other stimuli |
| psychopathy | a personality disorder characterized by antisocial behavior and lack of affect |
| psychopath | an individual who has a personality disorder, especially one manifested in aggressively antisocial behavior, and who is lacking in empathy; also called sociopath |
| antisocial personality | an individual who is unsocialized and whose behavior pattern brings him or her into repeated conflict with society |
| antisocial personality disorder | a psychological condition exhibited by individuals who are basically unsocialized and whose behavior pattern brings them repeatedly into conflict with society |
| electroencephalogram | the electrical measurement of brain wave activity |
| psychiatric criminology | a theory that is derived from the medical sciences and that, like other psychological theories, focuses on the individual as the unit of analysis. psychiatric theories form the basis of psychiatric criminology |
| psychoanalysis | the theory of human psychology founded by sigmund freud on the concepts of the unconscious, resistance, repression, sexuality, and the oedipus complex |
| psychotherapy | a form of psychiatric treatment based on psychoanalytical principles and techniques |
| id | the aspect of the personality from which drives, wishes, urges, and desires emanate. more formally, this division of the psyche is associated with instinctual impulses and demands for immediate satisfaction of primitive needs. |
| ego | the reality testing part of the personality; also called the reality principle. more formally, this perosonality component is conscious, most immediately controls behavior, and is most in touch with external reality |
| superego | the moral aspect of the personality,much like thconscience. more formally, this division of the psyche develops by the incorporation of the perceived moral standards of the community, is mainly unconscious, and includes the conscience. |
| sublimation | the psychological process whereby one aspect of consciousness comes to be symbolically substituted for another. |
| thanatos | a death wish |
| neurosis | a functional disorder of the mind or of the emotions involving anxiety,phobia, or other abnormal behavior |
| psychosis | a form of mental illness in which suffered are said to be out of touch with reality |
| schizophrenic | a mentally ill individual who is out of touch with reality and who suffers from disjointed thinking |
| paranoid schizophrenic | a schizophrenic individual who suffers from delusions and hallucinations |
| alloplastic adaptation | a form of adjustment that results from changes in the environment surrounding an individual |
| autoplastic adaptation | a form of adjustment that results from changes within an individual |
| modeling theory, albert bandura | a form of social learning theory that asserts that people learn how to act by observing others |
| behavior theory | a psychological perspective that posits that behavior that is rewareded will increase in frequency and behavior that is punished will decrease |
| operant behavior | behavior that affects the environment so as to produce responses or further behavioral cues |
| attachment theory , john bowl by | perspective on delinquent and criminal behavior that holds that the successful development of secure attachment between a child and his or her primary caregiver provides the basic foundation for all future psychological development |
| bernard gluett | book wrote in 1941 |
| insanity (legal) | a legally established inability to understand right from wrong or to conform one's behavior to the requirements of the law |
| insanity (psychological) | a persistent mental disorder or derangement |
| m naughten rule | offenders not know what they were doing, or if they did, that they not know it was wrong |
| irresistible-impulse test | a standard for judging legal insanity that holds that a defendant is not guilty of a criminal offense if the person, by virtue of his or her mental state or psychological condition, was not able to resist committing the crime. |
| durham rule | a standard for judging legal insanity that holds that an accused is not criminally responsible if his or her unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect |
| substantial capacity test | standard for judging legal insanity that requires that a person lack the mental capacity needed to understand the wrongfulness of his or her act or to conform his or her behavior to the requirements of the law |
| brawner rule | determining insanity, since superseded by statute, that asks the jury to decide whether the defendant could be justly held responsible for the criminal act with which he or she stands charged in the face of any claim of insanity or mental incapacity |
| guilty but mentally ill | offenders are convicted for the crime but because of their mental condition they are sent to psychiatric hospitals instead of prison. once declared cured, they are sent to correctional facillities to serve out their sentences |
| selective incapacitation | a social policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating individuals deemed to be the most dangerous |
| correctional psychology | branch of forensic psychology concerened with the diagnosis and classification of offenders, the treatment of correctional populations, and the rehabilitation of inmates and other law violators. |
| psychological profiling | the attempt to categorize, understand, and predict the behavior of certain types of offenders based on behavior clues they provide; also called criminal profiling and behavioral profiling |
Created by:
brenmcrae