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Anatomy Ch. 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels? | vascular tunic |
| The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called __ __ __. | external acoustic meatus |
| What is the function of the auditory ossicles? | amplify sound and transmit sound waves to inner ear |
| Order these structures from superficial to deep: choroid, sclera, pigmented layer of retina, neural layer of retina. | sclera, choroid, pigmented layer of retina, neural layer of retina |
| The tympanic cavity is filled with: | air |
| The lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection b/c it contains an antibacterial enzyme called __. | lysozyme |
| Which of the following are true of the cornea: transparent, concave, avascular. | transparent, avascular |
| What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers? | iris |
| The fat surrounding the eye is called __ fat. | orbital |
| The primary function of the __ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye. | eyelashes |
| When light hits the eye, the pupil __ in bright light or __ in dim light. | contracts, dilates |
| The suspensory ligaments connect the __ to the ciliary muscles. | lens |
| Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve? | vestibulocochlear nerve |
| What is the name of the "snail-shaped" structure? | cochlea |
| What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina? | lens |
| What structures are part of the vestibular complex? | utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts |
| What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic? | sclera |
| The semicircular canals are continuous with the __. | utricle |
| The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our __ position. | head |
| There are over __ rod cells per eye. | 100 million |
| Rods function well in __ light. | dim |
| The iris is continuous with the: | ciliary body |
| The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called __. | refraction |
| What events occur during light adaptation? | rods become inactive, cones gradually adjust, and pupils constrict |
| Place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial: | malleus, incus, stapes |
| A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind-spot." | optic disc |
| When a figure skater does a lengthy spin on ice, it is the sensory receptors in her __ __ of the inner ear that are informing her brain about the position of her moving head. | semicircular ducts |
| Which of the following are semicircular canals: anterior, lateral, posterior, medial. | anterior, posterior, lateral |
| Endolymph has a __ sodium and __ potassium concentration. | low, high |
| The lens is __ when we are viewing close-up objects. | spherical |
| Sensory receptors in what structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium? | utricle, saccule, semicircular ducts |
| What is the space behind the lens called? | posterior cavity |
| Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media: | of different densities |
| The most visible part of the external ear is called the __ or __. | auricle, pinna |
| Place the structures of CN II in order from anterior to posterior: optic tract, optic nerve, optic chiasm. | optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract |
| The __ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens. | suspensory |
| The portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the: | palpebral conjunctiva |
| The sclera is made of __ c.t. and provides for eye __. | dense, shape |
| The eyelids are also called: | palpebrae |
| On the dorsal surface of the tongue are epithelial and connective tissue elevations called __, which are of four types: filiform, fungiform, vallate, and foliate. | papillae |
| __ __ are short and spiked. Distributed on anterior 2/3 of tongue surface. Do not house taste buds and have no role in gustation. Bristlelike structures serves mechanical functions: assist in detecting texture and manipulating food. | filiform papillae |
| __ __ are blocklike projections primarily located on the tip and sides of tongue. Contains only a few taste buds. | fungiform papillae |
| __ __ or __ __ are the least numerous (10-12) yet are the largest papillae on the tongue. Arranged in inverted V shape on posterior dorsal surface of tongue. Surrounded by a deep, narrow depression. Most of our taste buds are housed w/in these papillae. | vallate papillae or circumvallate papillae |
| __ __ are not well developed on human tongue. They extend as ridges on posterior lateral sides of tongue and house only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood. | foliate papillae |
| A taste bud has the appearance of an __. | onion |
| W/in each taste bud are numerous taste receptors called __ __ or __ __ that are enclosed by __ __. | gustatory cells or gustatory receptors, supporting cells |
| A population of __ __ (stem cells) constantly replaces the gustatory cells that have a 7-10 day life span. | basal cells |
| Beginning around age __, ability to distinguish between different tastes declines due to reduction in both gustatory cell replacement and number of tast buds. | 50 |
| Most of fibrous tunic (posterior 5/6) is the tough __, a part of the outer layer that is called the "white" of the eye. Composed of dense irregular c.t. that includes both collagen and elastic fibers. | sclera |
| The __ provides for eye shape, proteccts the eye's delicate internal components, and serves as attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles. Becomes continuous w/dura mater that surrounds the optic nerve. | sclera |
| The __ is a convex, transparent structure that forms the anterior 1/6 of the fibrous tunic; its outer edge adjoins the sclera. | cornea |
| The __ is composed of an inner simple squamous epithelium, a middle layer of collagen fibers, and an outer stratified squamous epithelium, called the corneal epithelium. Contains no blood vessels. | cornea |
| The __ is the most extensive and posterior region of the vascular tunic. It houses a vast network of capillaries that supply the retina, the inner layer of the eye wall, w/oxygen and nutrients. | choroid |
| Cells of the __ are filled with pigment from the numerous melanocytes in this region. The melanin pigment is needed to absorb extraneous light that enters the eye, allowing the retina to absorb the remaining light rays and form a visual image. | choroid |
| The most anterior region of the vascular tunic is the __ which is the colored portion of the eye. composed of 2 layers of pigment-forming cells, 2 groups of smooth muscle fibers, and an array of vascular and nervous structures. | iris |
| In the center of the iris is a black opening called the __. The iris controls __ size or diameter-and thus the amount of light entering the eye-using its two smooth muscle layers. | pupil |
| The internal layer of the eye wall, called the __ is also known as the __ __ or __ __.It is composed of two layers: an outer pigmented layer and an inner neural layer. | retina, internal tunic or neural tunic |
| The __ is a strong yet deformable, transparent structure bounded by a dense, fibrous, elastic capsule. Composed of precisely arranged layers of cells that have lost their organelles and are filled completely by a protein called __. | lens, crystallin |
| The __ focuses incoming light onto retina, and its shape determines the degrees of light refraction. | lens |
| Ganglionic axons converge to form the __ __. They project from each eye through paired opitc foramina and converge at the optic chiasm immediately anterior to the pituitary gland. | optic nerve |
| The __ is the organ that detects both sound and movements of the head. These stimuli are transduced into nerve signals that are transmitted via __ nerve, resulting in sensations of hearing and equilibrium or balance. | ear, vestibulocochlear CN VIII |
| The most visible part of the external ear is a skin-covered, elastic cartilage-supported structure called the __ or __. | auricle or pinna |
| The auricle is funnel-shaped, and it serves both to protect the entry into the ear and to direct sound waves into the bony tube called the __ __ __, which extends and slightly superiorly from from the lateral surface of the head. | external acoustic meatus |
| The external acoustic meatus terminates at the __ __ or __, a delicate funnel-shaped epithelial sheet that is the partition between the external and middle ear. | tympanic membrane or eardrum |
| The __ __ vibrates when sound waves hit it. Its vibrations provide the means for transmission of sound wave energy into the middle and inner ear. | tympanic membrane |
| The __ is attached to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and suspended by ligaments bound to the inner wall of the tympanic cavity. It resembles a large hammer in shape. | malleus |
| The __ resembles an anvil and is the middle auditory ossicle. | incus |
| The __ resembles a stirrup on a saddle. It has a cylindrical, disclike footplate that fits into the oval window, an opening that marks the lateral wall of the inner ear. | stapes |
| The bony labyrinth is structurally and functionally partitioned into three distinct regions: the cochlea, vestibule, and the __ __. | semicircular canals |
| The vestibule and __ __ compose a general area called the vestibular complex. W/in __ __ of vestibular complex, the membranous labyrinth collectively forms and is called the semicircular ducts. | semicircular canals |
| The __ is a snail-shaped spiral chamber w/in the bone of the inner ear. It has a spongy bone axis, called the modiolus. Protected w/in the core of the __, the membranous labyrinth houses the spiral organ which is responsible for hearing. | cochlea |
Created by:
khinson