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Endochrine System 18
chapter 18 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones | adrenal cortex |
| Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine | adrenal medulla |
| Located in the lower abdomen of a female; respsonsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion. | ovaries |
| Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islet of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the_____. The _______ also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion. | pancreas |
| Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some poeple may have three or five ________. | parathyroid glands |
| Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohyprophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16 of an ounce and is a half ince across. | pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
| Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion. | testes |
| Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine. | thyroid gland |
| Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ____ stimulates the adrenal cortex. | adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure. | adrenaline (epinephrine) |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption. | aldosterone |
| Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example. | androgen |
| Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ___ (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney. | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels. | calcitonin |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect. | cortisol |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction. | epinephrine (adrenaline) |
| Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries. | estradiol |
| Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extend by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol and estrone. | estrogen |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). __ stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes. | follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
| Hormone secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose | glucagon |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues. | growth hormone (GH); somatropin |
| Hormone secreted by beta islet cells (Latin insula means island) of the pancreas. ___ helps glucose (sugar) to pass into cells, and it promotes th conversion of clucose to glycogen. | insulin |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males. | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a paent compound form which another is derived. | norepinephrine |
| Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth. | oxytocin (OT) |
| Hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium. | parathormone (PTH) |
| Hormone secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy. | progresteroone |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion. | prolactin (PRL) |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone | somatotropin (STH) |
| Hormone secreted by the testes. | testosterone |
| Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). __ acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Note ____ is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland. | thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin |
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increased metabolism in cells. | thyroxine T4 |
| Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells. | triiodothyronine T3 |
| Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH). | vasopressin |
| Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are examples. | catecholamines |
| hormones (steroid) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels). aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys, and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones). | corticosteroids |
| Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells' potassium, sodium, and calcium are examples | electrolyte |
| Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response. | glucocorticoid |
| Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment. | homeostasis |
| A substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland. | hormone |
| Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland. | hypothalamus |
| steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example. | mineralocorticoid |
| cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response cna be elicited. | receptor |
| Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland. | sella turcica |
| Steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics. | sex hormones |
| A complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples include estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Ster/o means solid; -ol means oil. | steroid |
| pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Ex: adrenaline (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways). | sympathomimetic |
| Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones. | target tissue |
| aden/o | gland |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| adrenopathy | disease of the adrenal gland |
| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland |
| gonad/o | sex glands (ovaries and testes) |
| gonadotropin | acts on the sex glands |
| hypogonadism | condition of deficient sex glands |
| pancreat/o | pancrease |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid glands |
| pituitar/o | pituitary gland; hypophysis |
| hypopituitarism | condition of deficient pituitary gland; pituitary dwarfism is caused by this. |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| thyrotropic hormone | pertaining to stimulating thyroid gland hormone |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland. |
| andr/o | male |
| androgen | a substance that produces male |
| calc/o, calci/o | calcium |
| hypercalcemia | blood condition of excess calcium |
| hypocalcemia | blood condition of deficient calcium |
| hypercalciuria | excessive calcium in urination |
Created by:
rbolte