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Solar System PHY1455
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earth's Vital Statistics | Mass: 6.08*10^24kg Radius: 6400km Density: 5500kg/m^3 |
| Features of Earth's Motion | Orbital Period: 1 year Rotation Period: 23 hours 56 minutes |
| Earth's Interior | Core: Hot, Iron Rich, Highest Density Two Regions: Liquid Outer Core, Solid Inner Core Electric currents produce magnetic field Mantle: Rocky Material, Hot, Mid-Range Density Crust: Thin layer of least dense rocky material |
| Earth's Surface | Oceans: Basins made of basalt Continents: Granite, Mountains, Rift Valleys, Volcanoes, Earthquakes Geological Activity: Plate Tectonics Probes in Interior: Seismic Waves, S&P Waves Processes: Differentiation, Convection, Plate Tectonics, Tidal Interat |
| Earth's Atmosphere | Chemical Composition: Nitrogen-78%, Oxygen-21%, Argon-.9%, Carbon Dioxide-.03% Temperature & Weather: Greenhouse Effect - Atmosphere retains radiation, O-zone absorbs UV rays Weather and clouds within 10km of surface |
| Earth's Local Space Environment | Magnetosphere = magnetic field + solar wind Natural satellite: moon |
| Earth's Energy Source | Natural radioactivity Heat left over from formation |
| Moon's Vital Statistics | Mass: .012 Earth's Radius: .27 Earth's Density: 3300kg/m^3 |
| Features of Moon's Motion | Synchronous Rotation: one month for completion, influences tides |
| Moon's Interior | Cool, Not Iron Rich |
| Moon's Surface | Thicker on far side, Thinner on Earth's side Major Geological Activity: Impact cratering |
| Moon's Main Surface Features | Maria: Dark, Smooth, Basalts Highlands: Bright, Rough, Anorthosites Type of Rock: Basalt, Anorthosites, Breccia, Regolith |
| Moon's Probes | Apollo Missions First two men on the moon: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin |
| Moon's Geological History | Formed from a collision 4.5 billion years ago Initially molten Early Period: Heavy cratering, Highlands formed Later period: Few impacts, Maria formed Essentially geologically dead after 3 billion years |
| Mercury's Vital Statistics | Mass: .055 Earth's Radius: .38 Earth's Density: 5400kg/m^3 |
| Features of Mercury's Motion | Resonance Rotation |
| Mercury's Interior | Cool, Iron Rich Core |
| Mercury's Surface Features | Caloris Basin: Large impact crater Jumbled Terrain: Hilly formation on opposite side of planet from Caloris Basin Intercrater Plains: Smoothed surface regions from lava flow Scarps: Huge cliffs |
| Mercury's Atmosphere | No atmosphere Temperature: 440K Weak magnetic field Probes: Mariner 10 |
| Venus' Vital Statistics | Mass: .78 Earth's Radius: .95 Earth's Density: 5300kg/m^3 Volume: .81 Earth's |
| Venus' Interior | Large, Hot, Iron Rich Core |
| Venus' Surface Features | Maxwell Montes: Largest mountain on Venus (shield volcano) Aphrodite Terra: Largest highlands Isthar Terra: Highland containing Maxwell Montes |
| Venus' Atmosphere | Weather: Constant cloud cover, Sulfuric acid clouds at 50km Temperature: 730K Pressure: 90 times Earth's Chemical Composition: Carbon Dioxide-95.3%, Nitrogen-3.5% |
| Venus' Local Space Environment | No measurable magnetic field No moons Probes: Orbiting-Magllan (used radar imaging) Landers-Venera 1&2 |
| Mars' Vital Statistics | Mass: .11 Earth's Radius: .53 Earth's Density: 3900kg/m^3 Volume: .149 Earth's |
| Features of Mars' Motion | Period of a day is 24.6 hours Tilt angle of rotation axis is 24 degrees: This means Mars has seasons |
| Mars' Interior | Small, Cool, Slightly Iron Rich Core |
| Mars' Surface Features | Olympus Mons: Shield volcano, Largest mountain in solar system Valles Mariners: Enormous valley, runs along equator Polar Icecaps: Frozen water and Carbon Dioxide Evidence of past water flow Red dust is Iron Oxide (rust) |
| Mars' Geologic Activity | Northern Hemisphere: More Volcanism Southern Hemisphere: More Impact Craters Plate Tectonics: Formation of plates, cooled too quickly |
| Mars' Atmosphere | Weather: Global dust storms Temperature: 50K cooler than Earth Pressure: 1/150th of Earth's Chemical Composition: Carbon Dioxide-95.3%, Nitrogen-2.7%, Argon-1.6% |
| Mars' Local Space Environment | Weak magnetic field Two moons: Small irregular shapes, Not like our moon, Captured asteriods Probes: Viking 1&2, Mars Rovers-Spirit, Opportunity |
| Jupiter's Vital Statistics | Radius: 11% Earth's Volume: 1331 Earth's Density: 1330kg/m^3 |
| Features of Jupiter's Motion | Fast differential rotation Rotation Period: 9hrs, 5 min at equator; 6min longer at poles A solid object cannot spin at different rates |
| Jupiter's Interior | Enormous temperatures Enormous pressure Rocky Core, Metallic, Hydrogen Heat is left over from the formation of the planet |
| Jupiter's Surface | Actually the upper layer of clouds Fast rotation causes clouds to form bands around planet Bright yellow, Orange, and Red The Great Red Spot: "hurricane" Magnetic Field is the largest planetary structure in the solar system |
| Jupiter's Probes | Voyager 1&2 Galileo |
| Jupiter's Moons | Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto |
| Saturn's Vital Statistics | Radius: 9.5 Earth's Density: 700kg/m^3 Volume: 860 Earth's |
| Features of Saturn's Motion | Fast differential rotation Similar to Jupiter's |
| Saturn's Interior | Enormous Temperatures Enormous Pressure |
| Saturn's Surface | Actually upper cloud layer mechanism for internal heating: Helium precipitation Ring System: Jovian Planets have rings, Cassini Division, Roche Limit, Shepherd Satellites, Made of water and ice |
| Uranus/Neptune's Properties | Blue/Green colour do to methane Temperatures are too cold for chemicals that give off orange/yellow colours |
| Uranus' Features | Tilt of rotation axis is 90 degrees Discovered by William Herschel Moon: Miranda, broke apart and reformed |
| Neptune's Features | Great Dark Spot Discovered by John Couch Adams and Urbain Leverrier First observed by Johann Galle Moon: Triton-thin nitrogen atmosphere and ice volcanoes |
| Pluto's Vital Statistics | Mass: .0021 Earth's Radius: .2 Earth's Density: 2000kg/m^3 |
| Features of Pluto's Motion | Sometimes closer to Sun than Neptune |
| Pluto's Physical Properties | Like ice moons around Jovian planets |
| Pluto's Moon | Charon |
| Best Images of Pluto and Charon | Hubble Space Telescope No probes sent to Pluto |
Created by:
breannalmiller
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