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Pharm Test #2

QuestionAnswer
Aripiprazole (atypical antipsychotics) -Trade name: Abilify -Usual Dosage: 10-30 mg/d -Max Recommend Dose: 30 mg/d
Chlorpromazine -Trade name: Thorazine -Usual Dosage: 100-800 mg/d -Max Recommend Dose: 1000 mg/d
Clozapine (atypical antipsychotics) -Trade name: Clozaril -Usual Dosage: 50-600 mg/d -Max Recommend Dose: 900 mg/d
Fluphenazine -Trade name: Permitil, Prolixin -Usual Dosage: 2-20 mg/d -Max Recommend Dose: 40 mg/d
Haloperidol -Trade name: Haldol -Usual Dosage: 2-20 mg/d -Max Recommend Dose: 100 mg/d
Olanzapine (atypical antipsychotics -Trade name: zyprexa -Usual Dosage: 10-20 mg/d -Max Recommend Dose: 20 mg/d
Perphenzine -trade name: trilafon, triavil -usual dosage: 10-64 mg/d -max recommend dose: 64 mg/d
Prochlorperazine -trade name: comazol, compazine -usual dosage: 15-150 mg/d -max recommend dose: 150 mg/d
Quetiapine (atypical antipsychotics) -trade name: seroquel -usual dosage: 250-600 mg/d -max recommend dose: 800 mg/d
Risperidone (atypical antipsychotics) -trade name: Risperdal -usual dosage: 2-6 mg/d -max recommend dose: 16 mg/d
Thioridazine -trade name: Mellaril -usual dosage: 100-800 mg/d -max recommend dose: 800 mg/d
Thiothixene -trade name: Navane -usual dosage: 4-40 mg/d -max recommend dose: 60 mg/d
Triflupromazine -trade name: Vesprin -usual dosage: 6-150 mg/d -max recommend dose: 150 mg/d
Ziprasidone (atypical antipsychotics) -trade name: Geodon -usual dosage: 40-160 mg/d -max recommend dose: 200 mg/d
Simple Partial Seizures Limited (focal) motor or sensory signs (convulsions confined to 1 limb, specific sensory hallucinations); consciousness remains intact
Complex Partial Seizures (needed to differentiate this from absence seizures) Consciousness impaired; bizarre behavior; wide variety of other manifestations; specific EEG abnormality
Partial becoming generalized symptoms progressively increase until seizure resembles a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure
Absence (petit mal) seizures sudden, brief loss of consciousness; motor signs may be absent or may range from rapid eye-blinking to symmetrical jerking movements of entire body
Myoclonic Seizures sudden, brief, "shocklike" contractions of muscles in the face and trunk, or in 1 or more extremities; contractions may be single or multiple; consciousness may be impaired
Clonic Seizures Rhythmic, synchronized contractions throughout the body; loss of consciousness
Tonic Seizures Generalized sustained muscle contractions throughout body; loss of consciousness
Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures Major convulsions of entire body; sustained contraction of all muscles (tonic phase) followed by powerful rhythmic contractions (clonic phase); loss of consciousness
Atonic Seizures sudden loss of muscle tone in the head and neck, 1 limb, or throughout the entire body; consciousness may be maintained or lost briefly
Barbiturates -Amobarbital (Amytal) -Pentobarbital (Nembutal) -Phenobarbital (Solfoton) -Primidone (Mysoline) -Secobarbital (Seconal)
Barbiturates potentiate inhibitory effects of GABA; may also decrease excitatory effects of glutamate
Benzodiazepines -Clonazepam (Klonopin) -Clorazepate (Tranxene) -Diazepam (Valium) -Lorazepam (Ativan)
Benzodiazepines potentiate inhibitory effects of GABA
Carboxylic acids -Valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote)
Carboxylic acids unclear; may hyperpolarize membrane through an effect on potassium channels; higher concentrations increase CNS GABA concentrations
Hydantoins -Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) -Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Hydantoins/Iminostilbenes primary effect is to stabilize membrane by blocking sodium channels in repetitive-firing neurons; higher concentrations may also influence concentrations of other neurotransmitters (GABA, norepinephrine)
Iminostilbenes -Carbamazepine (Tegretol) -Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
Succinimides -Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Succinimides affect calcium channels; appear to inhibit spontaneous firing in thalamic neurons by limiting calcium entry
Felbamate (Felbatol) used alone or as an adjunct in partial seizures in adults; treatment adjunct in partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children
Gabapentin (Neurontin) treatment adjunct in partial seizures in adults and children over age 3
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) use alone or as a treatment adjunct in partial seizures in adults over age 16; treatment adjunct in generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adults and children over age 2
Levetiracetam (Keppra) treatment adjunct in partial onset of seizures in adults
Tiagabine (Gabitril) Treatment adjunct in partial seizures in adults and children over age 12
Topiramate (Topamax) treatment adjunct in partial onset seizures
Zonisamide (Zonegran) treatment adjunct in partial seizures in adults
Levodopa-MOA resolves dopamine deficiency by being converted to dopamine after crossing blood-brain barrier
Levodopa still the best drug for resolving parkinsonian symptoms; long-term use limited by side effects and decreased efficacy
Dopamine Agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergoline, pramipexole, ropinirole) MOA: directly stimulates dopamine receptors in basal ganglia
Dopamine Agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergoline, pramipexole, ropinirole) may produce fewer sides effects (dyskinesias, fluctuations in response) than levodopa; preliminary evidence suggests that early use may also delay the progression of Parkinson disease
Anticholinergics-MOA inhibit excessive acetylcholine influence caused by dopamine deficiency
Anticholinergics Use in Parkinson disease limited by frequent side effects
Amantadine-MOA unclear, may inhibit the effects of excitatory amino acids in the basal ganglia
Amantadine may be used alone during early/mild stages or added to drug regimen when levodopa loses effectiveness
Selegiline-MOA inhibits the enzyme that breaks down dopamine in the basal ganglia; enables dopamine to remain active for longer periods of time
Selegiline may improve symptoms, especially in early stages of Parkinson disease; ability to produce long-term benefits unclear
Created by: sydni8
 

 



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