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QuantitativeGenetics
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Discontinuous Variation | Pattern of variation for a trait whose phenotypes fall into two or more distinct classes |
| Continuous Variation | Phenotype variation in which quantitative traits range from one phenotypic extreme to another in an overlapping or continuous fashion |
| Quantitative Inheritance | |
| Polygenic | |
| Multifactorial traits | |
| Meristic Traits | Those in which the phenotypes are described by whole numbers |
| Threshold Traits | Polygenic (and frequently, environmental factors affect the phenotypes, making them also multifactorial), but they are distinguished from continuous and meristic traits by having a small number of discrete phenotypic classes |
| Type II Diabetes | Threshold Trait and consist of polygenic inheritance |
| Multiple-gene Hypothesis | Many genes, each individually behaving in a Mendelian fashion, contribute to the phenotype in a cumulative or quantitative way |
| Additive Allele | Contributes quantitatively to the phenotypic outcome |
| Nonadditive Allel | Fails to contribute quantitatively to the phenotypic outcome |
| Polygenes | The genes contributing to a quantitative trait |
| Calculating polygenes | 1/4^n |
| Number of distinct phenotypic categories observed | 2n+1 |
| Normal Distribution | If a sample measured for expression is sufficiently large and also representative of the population, then the date will produce a bell-shaped curve when plotted as a frequency histogram |
| Variance | The average squared distance of all measurements from the mean |
| Standard Deviation | Square root of the variance |
| Covariance | Statistic measures how much variation is common to both quantitative traits |
| Correlation Coefficient | Tells the extent to which variation in one quantitative trait is associated with variation in another |
| Heritability | Used to describe what proportion of total phenotypic variation in a population is due to genetic factors |
| Monozygotic (MZ) | Identical twins |
| Dizygotic Twins (DZ) | Fraternal twins |
| Concordant | Both twins either express or do not express the same trait |
| Discordant | When one twin expresses the trait while another does not express the same trait |
| Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) | Two or more genes that act on a single polygenic trait |
Created by:
pric1567