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worldhistorychp3-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ______ family ruled England from 1485-1603 and they believed in _______ _______ and saw no problem in being an ______ ________ | Tudor; Divine Right; absolute monarch |
| Who was the last tudor to rule? | Elizabeth |
| Which Tudor started collaborating with Parliamet? Why? | Henry VIII because he needed help to make the Church of England and Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy that made him the head |
| What power did Parliament have over the King during the Tudors reign> | The king of england could to pass more taxes unless Parliament "okay'd" it |
| List the order of rule of the Tudors | Henry>Edward>Mary>Elizabeth |
| ________ opposed Elizabeth but she was smart and learned how to deal with Parliament and Parliament almost always did as she asked | Catholics |
| How long did Elizabeth rule and when did she die? | 50 years, 1603 |
| Who takes over England after Elizabeth dies? describe him? | Distant cousin, King of Scotland named James. believed in divine right, well-educated, coarse, bad manners, hard to get along with |
| When James took over england, what two kingdoms became one? | Scotland and England |
| James was not accustomed to dealing with _________, who takes care of the _______ | Parliament, treasury |
| How does Parliament anger James? what did James do in result? | giving him a book on how to rule and James does not ask Parliament for anything unless he absolutely needed them |
| what does james do to illegally raise money? | 1) sold titles of nobility 2) sold monopolies to private companies 3) increasing custom duties (taxes on imports and exports) |
| What did james do that england liked? | published new translation of the Bible into English language - King James bible |
| James wanted to rekindle relationships with _______ which outraged many subjects because they were England's enemies | Spain |
| James dies in _____, and his son _________ takes the thrown | 1625, Charles I |
| Charles marries a French princess. Why is this a problem? what questions begin to occur around england? | 1) France is one of England's rivals and she is catholic 2) many begin to wonder if their child will be raised catholic and then what will happen when Charles dies |
| Describe Charles I | much like father: believed in divine right, smart, hard to find friends, brave, no tact, arrogant, didn't respect parliament only called when he needed money |
| How did Charles I illegally raise money/ | 1)demanded loans if they didn't they were put in jail w/o trial 2) renewing medieval dues owed to the king (long ignored) 3) other drastic methods to collect taxes |
| Charles I needs money for ___ but Parliament won't give him any. In 1628, he calls parliament and they won't give the king money unless he signs the __________ ___ ________ | wars; petition of right |
| list some of the most important parts of the petition of right | 1) not to levy taxes w/o Parliamet's consent 2)not to declare martial law during peace time 3) not to quarter soldiers in private homes during peace time 4) not to imprison people w/o a specific charge |
| when the government calls out army to keep peace | martial law |
| Charles ________ to sign Petition of Right | agrees (but continues his original ways) |
| When Parliament begins to question Charles I, Charles dismisses them and doesn't call them back for another _____ years | 11 |
| What did Charles I do as Head of Englad | 1) more formal masses 2) increased Puritan restrictions |
| what were some of the puritan restrictions Charles increased? What was a result of this | preacher can only preach about the 10 commandments, they can only read books that went through Charles, many Puritans leave and hurt England's economy |
| the ________ _ _______ _______ is a secret court reserved for puritans who criticize Charles and Parliament who criticize Charles | Court of Star Chamber |
| what does Charles do that makes the Scots begin to raise an army and train? | Wants the Scots (presbyterians) tp use Anglican prayer book |
| _______ _______ is the Parliament charles calls in 1640 that means on and off for 20 years | Long Parliament |
| the ________ control the House of Commons and meet every ____ years | puritans; three |
| What does parliament do under the puritans running the house of commons? | pass laws to get rid of illegal taxes, get rid of star chamber, have 2 of charles's chief ministers and the archbishop of canterbury executed; abolished kings power to dissolve parliament; passed law to make parliament meet at least every 3 years |
| In 1641, the ______ launch their own rebellion against the english. why? | irish; when england took over ireland, the english divided irish land up for the english nobles |
| Charles wants to make the scotish church more anglican and a war breaks out in ________, known as what war? | 1642, english civil war |
| who are the cavaliers? | royalists - supporters of Charles, Anglican nobility and strong supporters of Anglican church, Catholics who still have some power with Charles, and people ho didn't like Puritans |
| who are the roundheads? | followers of Oliver Cromwell - leader of Puritans, tucked their hair under helmets; puritans, people who think the king's power is out of control and it needs to be stopped |
| Cromwell organizes his army into his _____ ______ _____ | New Model Army |
| describe the new model army | very religious; well-trained; disciplined; ranks; teamwork; strategy |
| in 1646, there are 2 major battles in which _____ is defeated. | Charles - he surrenders to the puritans |
| ________ is the leader of new english government. how does he gain control? | cromwell; stations soldiers around the House of Parliament letting only Puritans in |
| small group of members from the House of Commons allowed in | rump parliament |
| what did cromwell do to reform the english goverment | 1)abolished monarchy 2) declared england a commonwealth 3) appointed a special court to try King Charles as a traitor |
| what is a commonwealth? | republic |
| in 1649, Charles, after being found guilty being a traitor, is executed by being ______ where? | beheaded; white hall palace |
| Because Charles was so brave at his execution,many began to think of him as a _______. | martyr |
| what does england become under Cromwell and why? | a dictatorship because he felt like he was the only one who could get things done |
| what was life like under cromwell? | dressing:somber; public entertainment: restrained; gambling houses: shutdown; required to go to church |
| Cromwell improved England's economy mainly in areas of _______ _______ | foreign trade |
| goods coming into England could only come in on english ships or the goods came in on a ship where the goods were manufactured | Navigation act of 1654 - builds up ship building business |
| under cromwell, england gained controls of ________ _______ _______ and built up the ________ by doing what? | portuguese slave trade, navy by building more ships |
| why didn't people rebel against cromwell? | 1) didn't rely on parliament for money 2) his enemies (irish and royalists) have no organized army of their own 3) cromwell's army was disciplined, equipped and loyal |
| why didn't cromwell rely on parliament for money? | 1) taxes bringing in enough money 2) cavaliers had estates taken away an that went into the treasury and allowed him to support army |
| who were cromwells enemeies | royalists and irish |
| in 1658, what 2 important things happen? | cromwell dissolves parliament and sends them home; the same year he dies |
| everyone assumes cromwell's son, Richard, will be the next _____ ________ | lord protector |
| How is Richard as a ruler? what is the effect of this? | bad at ruling, and a weak leader; can't get support of the army; many people began to wish they still had a king |
| Parliament begins looking for royal family to call back to the thrown. in 1660, Parliament invites ________ to return to england and become king | Charles II, Charles I's son |
| what is the restoration? | when charles II comes back home and restores monarchy |
| what did Charles II do after he was crowned king? | restored theaters, gaming houses, public entertainments, musical performances; lifted restrictions on clothing |
| Because he knew what had happened to his father and had no plans on being executed, what did charles II continue? | Cromwell's commercial policies |
| Under Charles II, England seizes the _____ colony new amsterdam and renames it what? Why was this hard for Charles? | Dutch; new york - he was related to Dutch ruler William of Orange ii, who had helped him during his exile |
| Charles is ______ and tries to reestablish the church of england how does he feel about other religions? | protestant; encourages toleration of other protestants, presbyterians, quakers, and Baptists. he is also married to a catholic, portugal princess and tries to lift some restrictions on catholics |
| Charles and wife are childless, but he has a younger brother James. why is england worried about the thrown going to james? | because james is a roman catholic |
| what does the thrown inheritance to james lead to? | the first 2 political parties |
| describe the tories | 1) Tories - strong hereditary monarch w/ a weak government - would accept catholic ruler if heirs were protestant; strong supporters of anglican church |
| Even though Elizabeth forbade discussion of ________ or ________, she maintained polite relationships | foreign trade or her marriages |
| During Elizabeth's reign, _______become a separate sect within the Church of England – they wanted less Catholic-like rituals and practices within the church. | Puritans |
| Most ___________ are tired of religious struggles within the country, and want to remain Anglicans. | englishmen |
| how had James I ruled scotland? | pitting one faction against another, and controlling the scotish church |
| In 1605 - The _____ ______ _____ or the ______ ______ _____ was a plan made by the Catholics to kill James I | Gun Powder Plot or the Guy Fawkes Plot |
| what was the book called that Parliament gave James I and angered him? | Apology of the HOuse of Commons |
| Charles I created bitter enemies, especially the _______ | puritans |
| the archbishop of canterbury, ______ ________, tried to force all clergy to follow the Angilcan rules strictly under Charles I | William Laud |
| When Charles I started putting restrictions on the Puritans, what other members besides the Puritans became strong opponents of the king? | members of parliament and lawyers |
| People believe Charles is ignoring the rights of the Englishmen imposing ________ ________ | absolute rule |
| changes to Church of Scotland violated their religion and the Acts of the Scottish Parliament. | national covenant |
| The Radical Puritans in Parliament try to also abolish what? How does Charles retaliate? | bishops in the Anglican church, and issues against charles; leading men into parliament to arrest them |
| what did the rump parliament abolish immediately? | the monarchy and House of Lords |
| where did Charles's sons flee to live in 1646? | France |
| Cromwell crushes the uprisings in Ireland - harsh treatment of _______ _________ there | Roman Catholics |
| what was Charles II nickname? | "Merry Monarch" |
| when Charles II tried to lift some restrictions on the Roman Catholics what happened? | Parliament objected strongly and he abandoned the idea |
| describe the whigs | wanted a weak monarch with a strong parliament - opposed the idea of catholic ruler |
| Charles II ordered that James's daughters be raised as ________. | protestants |
| What did James II refuse to do? what was a result of this? | denounce transubstantion; declare catholic church practices superstitions idolatrous; take eucharist in church of england - his conversion became public |
| James married _______, had two _______, who were raised as ________. after anne's death in 1671, James II married who? | anne hyde; daughters; protestants; italian princess, Mary of Modena |
| in 1685, ________ dies and the throne is passed to who? | Charles II; James II |
| When James II was crowned, ________ initially supported him | Parliament |
| Describe James II | devout Roman Catholic; divine right; very stubborn and set on "ruling his way" |
| James II and Mary MOdena had a son in 1688 named what? how was he raised? | James Francis Edward Stuart; Catholic - this worried majority of English subjects who were protestants bc he would succeed over his sisters and renewed fear of a whole line of catholic kings |
| what were some problems james II had after taking the throne? | rebellions in southern england and scotland |
| The rebellions were put down, but James still kept a what? He allowed ________ to become officers. Parliament objected, so James sent them home and they did not meet again until after his ________ | standing army; catholics; abdication |
| James also openly favored ______ religion, and even received an ambassador of the _______ at ______ . what happened in result? | catholic; pope at court; lost James the support of Parliament and united the Tories and Whigs against him |
| Some of the leading nobles invited who to come to England to be their monarchs. They are both Protestants | James’s daughter Mary and her husband William III (aka William of Orange) |
| James is forced to _____ when it becomes clear his own troops and in face of William III overwhelming support from the English. Who rules England from 1662 to 1694. | abdicate; mary and william |
| william and mary's takeover of the throne is called what? | the glorious revolution |
| English political thought had been greatly influenced by two writers during the 1600s - who were these writers | thomas hobbes and john locke |
| Hobbes had lived through the ______ _______ _____ and the chaos of it had disturbed him. what was the name of his book? | English Civil War; Leviathan (before charles II) |
| according to hobbes, people had first lived in _______ or a state of nature. life was violent and dangerous, so people chose a leader to rule them | anarchy |
| to maintain a stable society people had made an unwritten ____ ______ | social contract |
| describe the social contract | 1) people retained only the right to protect their own lives 2) described the it as a life that was “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” 3) thus thought people would willingly give up rights to have stability |
| adopted some of Hobbes ideas but had a different interpretation | john locke |
| He established the principles Parliament had acted on in 1688, and his book,___ _____ __ _______ ________ in 1690 (after James II). | two treatises on civil government |
| Locke’s philosophy had provided the grounds for Parliaments actions in what | overthrowing james II and offering the crown to william III and mary |
| Under the influence of these ideas, Parliament began taking steps to limit the what as early as 1679 | power of the monarchy |
| Anyone arrested could obtain a writ demanding to be brought before a judge within a specified period of time. The judge would decide if the prisoner should be released or charged and tried for a specific crime. | habeas corpus act of 1679 |
| Before William and Mary could take the crown, Parliament required them to accept in advance certain fixed conditions called ______ __ ______ | bill of rights |
| bill of rights - Parliament would choose the ruler, who wass merely an _____, and subject to the what. | official; laws of parliament |
| bill of rights - The ruler could not ____ or _____ any law, _____ any tax, or maintain an _____ in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. | proclaim or suspend; impose; army |
| bill of rights - Parliament must meet frequently and the ruler could not interfere in what?.The members of Parliament had the right to do what | elections of its members; express themselves freely |
| b.o.r - All private citizens had the right to ______ the government for relief of any injustice, and to a what | petition; trial by jury |
| b.o.r. - No one could be required to pay _____ ______, or be subjected to what. | excessive bail - cruel or unusual punishment |
| b.o.r - The what would control government spending. No _______ ________ would ever be king. | house of commons; roman catholic |
| It granted freedom of conscience (the right to believe) and right of public worship to all Protestants who were not members of the Anglican Church | act of toleration |
| what were the protestants who were not members of the anglican church called | dissenters |
| the act of toleration did not let them do what. also did not lift many restrictions and limitations on rights of ________ _______ | hold public office; roman catholcis |
| It was designed to ensure that Roman Catholics would not inherit the throne again. | act of settlement of 1701 |
| Before William III died, he had urged Parliament to do something about the ______ situation.He wanted ____ and ____ to be joined as one country. | scottish; england scotland |
| what was passed by the English Parliament and Scottish Parliament.It merged England and Scotland into one country, now known as Great Britain. | the act of union |
| Also abolished the _____ Parliament and gave the Scots seats in the English House of Lords and House of Commons.Proved to be a good move for both, increased _____ between the two opened their ports to each other. | scottish; commerce |
| william and mary had no children, so the thrown went to who. this person ruled from 1702-1714. | marys younger sister anne |
| after anne's death, due to the act of settlement, the thrown was inherited by who | george I of hanover; closest relative |
| describe george I of hanover | from germany; did not speak english; 54; ruled from 1714-1727; his son george II ruled from 1727 - 1760 |
| by 1700 _____ had greater power than the monarch. ______ a govt where ruling power ruling power belongs to a few | parliament; oligarchy |
| ________ is still not truly representative. | parliament |
| From 1689 to 1739, the English government began to take on its ______ _______ | modern form |
| During the reign of King Charles II, the king began meeting with a small group of advisors to discuss governmental issues. what were most of these | ministers |
| heads of govt departments (a modern example would by the secretary of defense) | ministers |
| Charles II had tended to choose cabinet members from what | both political parties - tories and whigs |
| William III noticed that government ran more smoothly if all of the cabinet were members of the majority party in the ______ ___ ________. Other later monarchs also began to choose their ministers this way. | house of commons |
| During the reigns of William III and Queen Anne, Parliament also gained the right to _____ _____ | declare war |
| The monarch lost the right to ____ acts of Parliament. | veto |
| Parliament continued to gain more power during the reigns of _______ Iand _________ | george I and george II |
| the _____ controlled the House of Commons from 1721 to 1742. who was their recognized leader and what did he later become | whigs; sir robert walpole; prime minister |
| During the time of George I and George II, the _______ became the real head of the government. | prime minister |
| Great Britain became a what. | limited constitutional monarchy |
| limited constitutional monarchy | king or queen sits on throne, but power is limited through english constitution and the monarch always has to consult with parliament |
| britains constitution was made up of many documents. list some | he Magna Carter (1215) the Petition of Right (1628) the Bill of Rights (1689) other acts of Parliament. |
| Some of its features are based on tradition, such as what | the cabinet is chosen by the prime minister, and his powers are also based on tradition. |
Created by:
jackjack109