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Matter for AP Chem
Matter definitions for Unit 1 in AP Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Solid | -Definite shape and volume -Not easily compressed because particles are close together -Expand very slightly when heated |
| Liquid | -Definite volume, but indefinite shape -Not easily compressed because particles are slightly close together -Expand slightly when heated |
| Gas | -Indefinite shape and volume -Easily compressed because particles are far apart -Expand greatly when heated |
| Mixture | Matter that has varying composition |
| Substance | Matter that has a uniform and definite composition |
| Homogenous | A single phase in which components are distributed evenly throughout |
| Heterogenous | A mixture with multiple phases or layers in which components are not evenly distributed |
| Elements | The simplest form of matter with unique properties, and they cannot be broken down any further |
| Compounds | Two or more elements that are combined in a fixed whole number ratio. They can be separated into their constitutive elements by a chemical change |
| Decanting | Pouring off the top layer from the bottom layer by taking advantage of difference in densities |
| Filtering | To separate a solid from a liquid by using a funnel and filter paper. The solid will remain, and the liquid will pour through |
| Distillation | When multiple liquids are mixed homogenously, you can boil each off because of difference in evaporation points |
| Chromatography | Small samples of a mixture are placed on filter paper, and then placed in a wet container. As the sample rises to the top, it will separate each component out by differences in solubility. |
| Why will distillation not work with two liquids? | It does not work with two liquids because both will pour through without separating |
| Chemical Change | It must change into a new substance entirely. Examples: burning, reacting |
| Physical Change | The chemical composition will not change Examples: Phase changes, breaking, grinding |
| Chemical Properties | The ability of a chemical to react or undergo change |
| Physical Properties | Measurable and observable properties of a substance that do not require changing the composition |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | During any chemical reaction, matter cannot be destroyed or spontaneously created. If a gas is produced, the mass of the gas must also be taken into account. |
| Extensive Properties | Dependent on the amount of matter. Ex: mass, volume, length |
| Intensive Properties | Dependent on the type of matter Ex: color, density, conductivity |
| Qualitative | Appearance or behaviors that are not measured; observations Ex: color, texture, luster |
| Quantative | A mathematical description Ex: mass, volume, temperature, desnity |
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