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CH 2&3 Sci MT- CH.4
Cells & Their Functions, Chem Matter & Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science that deals with the composition of matter | Chemistry |
| Elements, atoms, molecules, compounds, mixtures are? | Fundamental forms of matter |
| Substance from which all matter is made | Element |
| Fundamental Unit that makes up chemical elements | Atom |
| no charge | neutron |
| positive charge | proton |
| negative charge | electron |
| If outermost energy level has less than four electrons but greater than 8, the atom will complete level by gaining electrons | nonmental |
| If outermost shell hass less than four electrons, the atom normally loses electrons to complete level. | Metal |
| combination of two or more atoms | molecule |
| Molecules formed by the union of two or more different atoms | Compound |
| Compound made of few elements | Simple Compound |
| Compound made of many elements | Complex Compound |
| Blends of two or more substances | Mixture |
| Mixture in which component substances remain evenly distributes | Solution |
| Mixture in which material distributed in the solvent settles out unless constantly shaken | suspension |
| mixture in which the particules don't dissolve but remain dissolved in the solvent because they are so small | Colloidal suspension |
| Dissolving substance | solvent |
| The substance that is dissolved | Solute |
| + charge ion | cation |
| - charge ion | anion |
| opposites attract, + atom comes in contact with a - atom and - gains electrion from + | Ionic bond |
| sharing involves sharing of electrons between the atoms in the molecule | Covalent Bond |
| Chemical substance capable of donating a hydrogen ion to another substance | Acid |
| Chemical substance usually containing a hydrogen ion, that can accept a hydrogen ion | Base |
| Chemnicals that maintain balance | Buffers |
| All chemical compounds that characterize living things | Organic Compounds |
| simple sugars used for energy | Carbohydrates |
| fats made from glycerol in combo with fatty acids | lipid |
| May contain nitrogen, sulfer, and phosphorus. Structural materials of the body such as muscle, bone, connective tissue, and hair, eye, skin pigment Building block=Amino acids | Protein |
| Function as catalysts | Enzymes |
| Shape is important, Must match the shape of the substance with which the enzyme combines | Lock and Key Method |
| Basic unit of all life. Simples structure that shoes all life characteristics | cell |
| two sets of lenses used in most labs | modern compound light |
| combo of magnifications and enlargement can magnify up to one million times or more | transmission electron |
| three demensional picture, Magnification approx 250,000 | scanning electron |
| outer covering of cell made up mainly of a double layer of lipid molecules | plasma membrane |
| main substance that fills cells and hold cell contents. suspension of nutrients minerals enxymes and other specialized material in H20 | Cytoplasm |
| little organs specialized structures perform different tasks | Organelles |
| control center of a cell | nucleus |
| inside nucleus, act in manufacture of proteins | nucleolus |
| protein formations | ribosomes |
| network of membranes | endoplasmic reticulum |
| bean shaped, power house | mitochrondia |
| rod shaped, cell division | centrioles |
| contains digestion enzymes | lysosomes |
| forms special substances released from cells | golgi apparatus |
| consists of three items, phosphate unit, nitrogen base, sugar unit | nucleotide |
| contant movement from high concentration to lower concentration | diffusion |
| diffusion of water through semipermeable membrane | osmosis |
| passage of water containginb dissolved material through a membrane as a resut of a mechanical force on one side | filtration |
| molecules move in the opposite direction than would normally flow | active transport |
| engulging large particles by cell membrane | phagocytosis |
| engulging droplets of fluid by cell membrane (cell drinking) | Pinocytosis |
| solutions have the same concentration of molecules as the fluids with in the cell | isotonic |
| solution is less concentrated than intracellular fluid therefore cell placed in this solution will draw water in, swell, and burst | hypotonic |
| solution has higher concentration than cell fluids therefore cell loses water and shrinks | hypertonic |
| morph/o | form |
| cyto/o | cell |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| hist/o | tissue |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| reticul/o | network |
| aden/o | gland |
| papill/o | nipple |
| myx/o | mucus |
| muc/o | mucus |
| somat/o | small body |
| blast/o | immature cell |
| gen | origin, formation |
| phag/o | eat, ingest |
| phil | attract |
| plas | formation |
| trop | act on, affect |
| troph/o | feeding growth, nourishment |
| -ase | enzyme |
| -ose | sugar |
| hydr/o | water |
| gluc/o | glucose |
| glyc/o | sugar, glucose |
| sacchar/o | sugar |
| amyl/o | starch |
| lip/o | fat |
| adip/o | fat |
| steat/o | fatty |
| prote/o | protein |
Created by:
sheena0252
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