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XR 101

XR 101 midterm review

QuestionAnswer
1. x-rays were discovered in 1895 by whom? wilhelm conrad roentgen
2. on what date where x-rays discovered? November 8, 1895
3. what is the proper term for "pictures" produced by x-rays? radiographs
4. the world's oldest and largest radiologic science professional organization ASRT american society of radiologic technologists
5. what is the imaging modality that provides real-time viewing of x-ray images in motion? fluoroscopy
6. to determine the credentials needed for you to practice limited radiography, you should contact who? the appropriate state agency
7. which of the following is NOT in the scope of practice for the BMO? a. contrast media b. basic xray examinations c. explanations of procedures a. contrast media
8. the imaging modality that uses contrast media to image blood vessels is called? angiography
9. the term reciprocity means what? that credentials issued in one area are recognized in another
10. x-rays that are traveling in a useful direction, exit via the _____ _____ tube port
11. the portion of the xray room that is protected form scatter radiation and is safe during exposure control booth
12. a line in the center of the xray beam and perpendicular to the long axis of the xray tube is called the central ray
13. a film that has been exposed but has not yet been processed has a pattern of exposure called the latent image
14. tissues with greater mass, such as bone will absorb more or less radioation than fat more
15. the absorption of xrays by matter is called attenuation
16. true or false: scatter radiation has MORE energy than the primary beam false; scatter radiation has less energy than the primary beam
17. the image receptor consists of the cassette and the film
18. CR is sometimes called? filmess system
19. a mechanism that tends to stop a moving part in a specific location is called a detent
20. the boxlike device attached under the tube housing that allows for varying the size of the radiation field is called the collimator
21. the device to protect the film from being fogged by scatter radiation is called the grid or Bucky
22. the principal source of scatter radiation is the patient
23. a tilting table will allow for the head end of the table to be lowered at least 15 degrees into what position? trendelenberg
24. the principle purpose of doing a safety check? prevent accidental exposure of your co-workers
25. the lower or bottom part of a fraction denominator
26. the upper part of a fraction the numerator
27. a fraction in which the top number is larger than the bottom number is called an improper fraction
28. how do you express 10 to the 5th power 100,000
29. what is the value of 2 to the 8th power? 256
30. what metric prefix is used to indicate 1000 kilo
31. what is the decimal form of 1/1000 second? 0.001
32. what is the mAs when 400 mA is used with a 0.050 exposure time 20
33. when the SID is doubled, THE SIZE of the RADIATION FIELD SIZE is _____? quadrupled
34. which of the following are forms of matter? a. electricy b. solids c. gases solids and gases
35. the building blocks of all matter are called atoms
36. the quantity of matter that makes up any physical object is called its ____ mass
37. what term mean approximately the same thing as mass? weight
38. protons, neutrons, OR electrons are located in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom electroms
39. what is the name of the inner most shell on Bohr's model? K shell
40. which particle has an electric charge of +1? proton, electron, or neutron? proton
41. when an electron is removed from an atom, the atom is said to be ionized
42. the process of producing an atom with a charge is called? ionization
43. the shells of an atom are also called energy levels
44. what type of energy occurs in the form of sine waves? electromagnetic energy
45. what term is applied to the distance from one crest to the next in a sine wave wavelength
46. how is the wavelength of a sine wave measured? it is the distance from one crest to the next
47. the number of times per second that a crest passes a given point is called the frequency
48. the penetrating power of an xray beam is determinde by it's energy and is expressed in wavelength
49. which form of electromagnetic energy has the shortest wavelength? gamma rays
50. what is the term that applies to the quantity of electrons flowing through a circuit? current
51. what is the unit used to measure potential difference? volt
52. any property of the circuit that opposes or hinders the flow of current is called? resistence
53. what unit do we use to measure resistance? ohm
54. current that flows in only 1 direction is called? direct current
55. what is the voltage of alternating current that is delivered to our homes in the USA and Canada 120V
56. the purpose of a transformer is to increase or decrease voltage
57. a step down transformer has more coils on the primary side or the secondary side? primary side
58. who was the inventor of the hot cathode xray tube Coolidge
59. what are the 4 essential elements required for xray production a target a vacuum an electron source a high potential difference
60. the target of an xray tube is made of tungsten
61. what is the device used to remove long wavelength radiation from the primary xray beam filtration
62. free electrons from xray production come from where? the filament
63. what is the charge of the anode? positive
64. what is the speed at which the anode rotates in the average xray tube? 10,000 rpm
65. below what kVp level is characteristic radiation no longer produced? 70 kVp
66. more than 99% of the energy applied to an x-ray tube is converted into what? heat
67. what percentage of the total energy applied to an x-ray tube is converted into x-rays? 1% ONLY ONE PERCENT!
68. what type of radiation is produced by the sudden slowing and direction change of the electron stream as kinetic energy is converted to other energy forms bremsstrahlung radiation
69. what type of radiation is formed within the target atoms as a result of interactions with the K shell electrons? characteristic radiation
70. a smaller effective focal spot does what to image sharpness? increases image sharpness
71. a dual focus x-ray tube has 2 of what? 2 filaments AND 2 focal spot sizes
72. the anode heel effect is a phenomenon that results in uneven distribution of radiation within the field
73. taking into account the anode heel effect when taking a radiograph, the anode should be placed at the patients head or feet? head
74. what unit is used to measure the current across the xray tube milliamperes
75. when the mA is doubled, what happens to the radiographic density? it increases
76. when the mA is doubled, how does that affect the number of photons in the xray beam? they are doubled
77. what is the mAs in the following set of exposure techniques? 400 mA 0.02 sec 80 kVp 40" SID large focal spot size 80 mAs
78. if an exposure time is measured 35 milliseconds, what is the exposure in seconds? 0.035 seconds
79. which element do we use in the x-ray tube that has a very high melting point? tungsten
80. what is the atomic number of tungsten 74
81. what is the atomic symbol of tungsten W
82. why do we filter the x-ray beam? to lower patient dose
83. a steeper target angle provides a larger or smaller effective focal spot? smaller effective focal spot
84. the auto transformer and the kVp selector are located on the low-voltage or the high-voltage side of the x-ray circuit? low-voltage
85. in what part of the circuit is the kVp selected? the autotransformner
86. what is the purpose of the filament circuit? to supply and control the heat required by the x-ray tube filament for thermionic emission of electrons
87. what is the term used to describe the process of causing alternating current to flow in one direction only called? rectification
88. nearly all new x-ray machines manufactured today use what type of generators? high frequency
89. what is the name of the device that terminates the exposure time after an exact amount of exposure has been detected by the IR? AEC automatic exposure control
90. what are the 2 types of AEC devices? ionization chamber phototimer
91. which AEC device is sensitive to light, terminating the exposure after a specific quantity of light has been detected? phototimer
92. which AEC device is an enclosed volume of dry air connected into a circuit, and terminates the exposure when a specific amount of current has been measured in this circuit? ionization chamber
93. some computerized controls are programmable so that exposure factors from a conventional technique chart can be made available from within the computer. These units may feature both manual and an automatic mode and are called? anatomically programmed radiography (APR)
94. the distance between the x-ray tube and the film is called what? SID source-image distance
95. the distance between the x-ray tube and the patient is called what? SOD source-object distance
96. the distance between the patient and the film is called what? OID object-image distance
97. the relationship between the SID and the beam intensity is expressed in which law? the inverse square law
98. the inverse square law states that the intensity of the x-ray beam is ____ ____ to the square of the distance. inversely proprtional
99. the inverse square law governs the relationship between what 2 things? xray beam intensity and distance
100. the overall darkness, or blackness on a radiographic image is referred to as? density
101. density is primarily controlled by varying which technical factor mAs
 

 



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