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Appendix A Nadine A.
Medical Terminiology and abbreviations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A; An; Ana- | No; not; Wihtout |
| Ab- | away from |
| Ante- | Before; Forward |
| Anti- | Against |
| Auto- | Self |
| Bi- | Two; double; both |
| Brady- | Slow |
| Carcin- | Cancerous |
| Contra- | against; opposite |
| dys- | difficult; painful |
| Ect- | Outside; out |
| En- | Within; in |
| Endo- | Within |
| Epi- | Above; upon |
| Ex- | Out |
| Gynec/o- | Woman |
| Hemi- | Half |
| Hyper- | Above; excessive |
| Hypo- | Below; deficient |
| Infra- | Bellow; inferior |
| Inter- | Between |
| Intra- | Within |
| Iso- | Same, Equal |
| Macro- | Large |
| Mal- | Bad; Poor; abnormal |
| Meta- | Change; after; beyond |
| Micro- | Small |
| Multi- | Many |
| Neo- | New |
| Non- | Not |
| Oligo- | Few; less |
| Pan- | all |
| Para- | Near; Beside |
| Per- | Through |
| Peri- | Around; Surrounding |
| Poly- | Many; excessive |
| Post- | After |
| Pre- | before; in front of |
| Primi- | First |
| retro | Behing; backward; upward |
| Semi- | Half |
| Sub- | Below; Under |
| Super- | Above; over; excess |
| Supra- | Above; on top of |
| Sym- | Together; with |
| Tachy- | Fast |
| Tri- | Three |
| Uni- | One |
| Xero- | Dry |
| -Ac; -Al; -Ar; -Ary | Pertaining to |
| -Algia | Pain |
| -blast | Germ or bud |
| -cele | hernia; herniation |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -crine | to secrete |
| -crit | to separate |
| -cyte | cell |
| -cytosis | condition of cells |
| -desis | binding together |
| -ectomy | surgical removal; excision |
| -emesis | vomit |
| -genesis; -genic; -gen | origin; producing; forming |
| -globin; -globulin | protein |
| -gram | record |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -ia; -iac; -ic | pertaining to |
| -iasis | formation of presence of |
| -ism | condition |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -ium | Structure or tissue |
| -lepsy | Seizure |
| -Lysis; -lytic | break down |
| -Malacia | softening |
| -Megaly | enlargement |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -oid | resembling; like |
| -(o)logist | specialist in the study or treatment of |
| -(o)logy | study of |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -ostomy | creation of an opening |
| -otomy | incision into |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -paresis | paralysis |
| -pathy | disease |
| -penia | decreased number |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -pexy | suspension or fixation |
| -phagia | eating; swallowing |
| -phobia | abnormal fear |
| -phonia | voice; sound |
| -phoresis | carrying; transmission |
| -phoria | feeling; mental state |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -pnea | breathing |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -r/rhage; -r/rhagia | bursting forth |
| -rrhea | flow;discharge |
| -rhexis | rupture |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -scope | instrument for viewing |
| -scopy | process of viewing |
| -somnia; somn/o | sleep |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction or twitch |
| -stasis | control; stop |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| -therapy | treatment |
| -thorax | chest; pleural cavity |
| -tocia; toc/o | labor; birth |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| -trophy | growth; development |
| -tropin | nourish; develop; stimulate |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| aden/o | gland |
| adip/o | fat |
| amino | amnion |
| andr/o | male; man |
| angi/o | vessel |
| aque/o | watery |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriol/o | arteriole |
| arthr/o | joint |
| ather/o | fatty; fat plaque |
| audi/o | hearing; sound |
| aur/o | ear |
| balan/o | glans penis |
| bili | bile; gall |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| burs/o | joint |
| calc/i | calcium |
| capnia | carbon dioxide |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| cardi/o | heart |
| carp/o | wrist bones |
| cephal/o | head |
| cerebr/o | cerebrum |
| cirrh/o | yellow |
| chol/e | bile; gall bladder |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| coagul/o | clotting |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| col/o | colon |
| colp/o | Vagina (sheath) |
| conjuctiv/o | conjuctiva |
| cor/o; coron/o | heart |
| corne/o | cornea |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | cranium; skull |
| cry/o | cold |
| cut/o; culti; cutane/o | skin |
| cyan/o | blue |
| cyst/o | bladder; sac |
| cyt/o | cell |
| dacry/o | tears |
| dent | tooth |
| derm/o; dermat/o | skin |
| dipl/o | two; double |
| dips/o | thirst |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| dur/a | dura mater |
| electr/o | electricity |
| embry/o | embryo |
| encephal/o | brain |
| enter/o | intestines |
| eosin/o; erythr/o | red |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| episi/o | vulva |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| esthesi/o | sensation |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| femor/o | femur |
| fet/o; fet/i | fetus |
| fibul/o | fibula |
| fund/o | fundus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| glauc/o | silver; gray |
| gli/o | nerve cell |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| gluc/o; glyc/o | glucose; sugar |
| gonad/o | sex glands |
| gravid/a; gravid/o | pregnancy |
| gyn/o, gyn/e, gynec/o | woman |
| hemat/o; hem/o | blood |
| hemangi/o | blood vessel |
| hepat/o | liver |
| mamm/o; mast/o | breast |
| melan/o | black |
| men/o | menses; menstruation |
| mening/o; memingi/o | meningies (membrane) |
| metacarp/o | hand bones |
| metatars/o | foot bones |
| morph/o | form; shape |
| muc/o | mucus |
| my/o | muscle |
| myc/o | fungus |
| myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| myring/o | eardrum |
| narc/o | sleep |
| nas/o | nose |
| nat/o; natal | birth; delivery |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| neur/o | nerve |
| noct/o; nyctal/o | night |
| ocul/o; opthalm/o | |
| opt/o | eye |
| onych/o | nail |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| or/o | mouth |
| orch/o; orchi/o | |
| orchid/o | testis; testicle |
| orth/o | straight |
| oste/o | bone |
| ot/o | ear |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| oxi | oxygen |
| pachy/o | thick |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| par/o; part/o | bear; labor; childbirth |
| patell/o | knee cap |
| pector/o | chest |
| ped | children |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| perine/o | perineum |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| phag/o | eat or swallow |
| phalang/o | finger and toe bones |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| phleb/o | vein |
| phot/o | light |
| phren/o | mind or diaphragm |
| pil/o | hair |
| pneum/o | lungs; air |
| pod/o; podi | foot |
| presby/o | old age |
| proct/o | rectum |
| psych/o; psych/i | mind or soul |
| pub/o | pubis; pubic bone |
| pulmon/o | lungs |
| py/o | pus |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| quadr/i | four |
| radi/o | radius |
| rect/o | rectum |
| ren/o | kidney |
| reticul/o | a net |
| retin/o | retina |
| rhabdomy/o | skeletal muscle; striated muscle |
| rheum | watery discharge |
| rhin/o | nose |
| salping/o | eustachian or uterine tube |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| schiz/o | split |
| semin/o | semen |
| septi | bacteria |
| sial/o | saliva |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| somat/o | body |
| sperm/o; spermat/o | sperm |
| spher/o | round |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| spir/o | breathe; breath |
| splen/o | spleen |
| steth/o | chest |
| spondyl/o | vertebra; vertebral column |
| stoma, stomat/o | mouth |
| synovi/o | joint |
| tars/o | ankle bones |
| ten/o; tend/o; tendon/o | |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| test/o; testicul/o | testis; testicle |
| thorac/o | chest |
| thromb/o | clot |
| thyr/o | thryroid gland |
| trache/o | trachea |
| akinesia | loss of normal muscle movement |
| cerebrospinal | pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord |
| cerebrovascular | pertaining to the brain and blood vessel that supply it |
| electroencephalogram | record of the electrical activity of the brain |
| epidural | pertaining to above the dura mater |
| epilepsy | a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by recurrent seizures |
| hemiparesis | paralysis of one side of the body |
| hydrocephalus | excess cerebrospinal fluid in the brain |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensitivity to stimulation such as touch, pain, and other sensory stimuli |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain |
| myelogram | an x-ray of the spinal cord and nerve roots |
| neuralgia | nerve pain |
| neurologist | a physician who speicializes in diseases of the neurological system |
| paraplegia | Paralysis of both lower extremities and generally the lower trunk |
| polyneuritis | inflammmation of two or more nerves |
| schizoprenia | a type of psychosis in which the mind is said to be split from reality |
| angiography | an examination of blood vessels via radiographic study |
| anoxia | without oxygen |
| arteriogram | record (x-ray) of an artery |
| arteriosclerosis | thickening. loss of elasticity, and hardening of arterial walls |
| bradycardia | pertaining to a slow heart rate |
| cardiologist | a physician who specializes in disease pf the heart |
| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of the inside of an artery |
| endocardium | membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypoxemia | too little oxygen in the blood |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| myocardium | heart muscle tissue |
| pericardium | lining around the outside of the heart |
| tachycardia | pertaining to a fast heart rate |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchoscopy | process of viewing the bronchi |
| dyspnea | difficult, painful, or faulty breathing |
| hypoxia | a condition of deficient oxygen levels |
| laryngoscope | instrument for viewing the larynx |
| laryngospasm | contraction of laryngeal muscles, causing construction |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx |
| pneumothorax | air or gas in the chest cavitiy |
| pulmonologist | specialist in diseases of the lungs |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose |
| rhinorrhea | discharge from the nose |
| spirometry | measurement of breathing |
| stethoscope | instrument used to listen to lung and heart sounds through the chest wall |
| thoracotomy | incision into the chest |
| tracheostomy | creation of an opening in the trachea, usually to insert a tube |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints |
| arthroscopy | process of viewing a joint |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| bursitis | inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac around joints |
| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
| craniotomy | surgical incision of the skull |
| electromyogram | record of the electrical activity of a muscle |
| intercostal | pertaining to between the ribs |
| intramuscular | pertaining to within the muscle |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| orthopedic | literally, means pertaining to straight foot- pertaining to the study of diseases of the skeletal and muscular system |
| orthopedist | a specialsit in the study of dieseases of the skeletal and muscular system |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| patellectomy | surgical removal of the knee cap |
| suprapubic | pertaining to above the pubic bone |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon |
| adenoma | tumor of glandular tissue |
| adrenomegaly | enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| andromorphous | male form or apperance |
| endocrinology | study of the secreting glands that comprise the endocrine system |
| glucogenic | giving rise to or producing glucose |
| hormonal | pertaining to hormones |
| hyperglycemia | too much sugar in the blood |
| hyperthyroidism | condition of too much thyroid hormone |
| hypokalemia | low blood patassium |
| hyposecretion | abnormally decreased secretion |
| ketoacidosis | condition of an increased presence of ketone bodies |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| polydipsia | condition of excessive thirst |
| thymoma | tumor of thymic tissue |
| thyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
| autoimmune | the disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself |
| immunocompromised | a condition in which the immune system has been compromised by disease or immunosuppressive agents |
| leukemia | a malignant blood disease marked by abnormal white blood cells, or leukocytes |
| lymphadenopathy | a disease state in which lymph nodes are enlarged |
| lymphocytopenia | an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes |
| lymphoma | a neoplasm of the lymphatic system |
| macrocytosis | the presence of large red blood cells |
| metastasis | the spread cancer cells beyond the original site of the tumor through blood or lymph |
| pancytopenia | an abnormally reduced number of all types of blood cells |
| phagocyte | a cell that consumes bacteria, foreign particles, and other cells |
| septicemia | bacterial infection of the blood |
| splenomegaly | an enlarged spleen |
| thymus | the removal of the thymus gland |
| anemia | a blood condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red blood cells |
| hematology | medical study of the blood |
| hemocytoblasts | primitive cells in the bone marrow that develop into blood cells |
| hemolysis | the breakdown of the red blood cell membrane |
| hematopoiesis | the process of formation and development of various types of blood cells |
| leukopenia | too few white blood cells |
| morphology | the study of form, including the size and shape of a specimen, such as a blood cell |
| myeloma | tumor of the bone marrow |
| myelocyte | an immature blood cells, or erythrocytes |
| reticulocyte | immature red blood cells, or erthrocytes |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein due to blood clot formation |
| abdomincentesis | a puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of a abdominal fluid |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder |
| cirrhosis | chronic liver condition that causes yellowing of tissues |
| colonoscopy | process of viewing the colon |
| dyspepsia | the condition of indigestion, or of painful digestion |
| dysphagia | pertaining to difficulty in eating or swallowing |
| endoscopic | pertaining to the process of viewing within |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastroenterologist | specialist in the study or treatment of the stomach and intestines |
| hematemesis | bloody vomit |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and the stomach(ex. a tube that travels from the nose to the stomach) |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue |
| bacteriuria | the presence of bacteria in the urine |
| cystoscope | type of endoscope that is used to examine the bladder |
| glucosuira | a condition of sugar in the urine |
| hydronephrosis | a condition of urine pooling in the renal pelvis |
| ketonuria | condition of ketone bodies in the urine |
| lithotripsy | the crushing of a stone |
| nephrectomy | surgical removal of kidney |
| nephrosis | an abnormal condition of the kidney |
| polyuria | condition in which one urinates excessively |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis area of the kidney |
| ureterolithiasis | the condition of having a stone form in the ureter |
| urethralgia | pain in the urethra |
| urologist | physician who specializes in conditions of the urinary system |
| vesicotomy | an incision into the bladder |
| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjuctiva |
| exophthalmia | pertaining to a protuberance of the eye |
| intraocular | pertaining to the inside of the eye |
| keratoplasty | the surgical repair or construction of the cornea |
| lacrimation | the process of secreting tears |
| ophthalmologist | specialist in diseases of the eye |
| optometry | process of measuring the eye |
| photophobia | extreme sensitivity and discomfort from light |
| presbyopia | a vision condition of a reduced ability to focus due to old age |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| audiometry | measurement of hearing |
| myringitis | inflammation of the tympanic membrane |
| otorhinolaryngologist | specialsit in disease of the ear, nose, and throat |
| otalgia | earache |
| otitis | inflammation of the ear |
| otosclerosis | a condition of hardening of bone tissue in the ear |
| presbyacusis | hearing loss due to old age |
| salpingitis | inflammation of the eustachian tube in the ear or the uterine tube |
| tympanometry | the process of measuring the compliance and mobility(conductibility) of the tympanic membrane |
| tympanoplasty | surgical repair of the eardrum |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermatologist | specialist in the study of diseases of the skin |
| epidermal | pertaining to the skin |
| histology | the study of tissues |
| keratosis | a condition of thickened epidermis |
| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail |
| percutaneous | through the skin |
| sarcoma | tumor of the flesh |
| subcutaneous | pertaining to below the skin |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| anorchism | the condition in which one or both testes are absent |
| aspermia | the condition in which one is unable to produce or ejaculate sperm |
| colposcope | a special kind of scope desgined to examine the vagina |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| episiotomy | an incision made in the perineum to facilitate childbirth |
| gynecologist | a physician who specializes in the reproductive system of women |
| hydrocele | a hernia of fluid in the testis or tubes leading from the testis |
| hysterectomy | the surgical removal of the uterus |
| lactogenic | pertaining to the production milk |
| mammogram | an x-ray of the breast |
| mastodynia | breast pain |
| obsetrics | the specialty pertaining to the care and treatment of mother and fetus throughout pregancy, childbirth, and the immediate postpartum period |
| oligospermia | too few sperm in the semen |
| oophoritis | inflammation of the ovary |
| orchiopexy | surgical treatment of an undescended testical by freeing it and implanting it into the scrotum |
| prostatalgia | painful prostate |
| vasectomy | excision of part of the vas deferens to produce male sterility |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| hormone/o | hormone; an urging on |
| humer/o | humerus |
| hydr/o | water; fluid |
| hyster/o | uterus |
| ile/o; ili/o | ileum |
| immune/o | protection |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| kal/i | potassium |
| kerat/o | cornea |
| ket/o; keton/o | ketone bodies |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| lacrim/o | tears |
| lact/o | milk |
| lapar/o | abdominal wall |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| lingua | tongue |
| lip/o | fat |
| lith/o | stone |
| lumb/o | lower back |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| tympan/o | eardrum |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ur/o | urinary tract |
| vas/o, vascul/o | vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| xanth/o | yellow |
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