The 10th Amendment states that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are

reserved to the states, or the people.

Of the 200 countries in the world,

the most common political system is a unitary system.

In response to the Supreme Court's opposition to many New Deal programs, FDR suggested

increasing the number of justices from nine to thirteen.

Cooperative federalism is characterized by

a stronger, more influential national government.

Federal grant programs often have the effect of

making it easier for the federal government to impose national goals on the states.

In a country administered under a UNITARY STATE system of government:

the national government has complete control over regional government.

Federal courts created the doctrine of DUAL FEDERALISM in order to:

distinguish between the peers of the federal and state governments.

In a federal political system, power is

shared between the central government and constituent governments.

The concept of horizontal federalism deals with

relationships between state governments.

make treaties with foreign nations.

The privileges and immunities clause of the Constitution means

a citizen of one state cannot be treated as an alien in another state.

The state of Maryland imposed a tax on the Bank of the United States because

it feared an extension of centralized political power.

do not have independent state governments.

The implied powers of the national government

give elasticity to our constitutional system.

What is the constitutional basis for Congress's implied powers?

The necessary and proper clause.

Federal government obligations to states include all of the following EXCEPT

organize and hold elections for state office

The case of New Jersey v. New York (1999) is important because it

illustrates the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

The Framers created the federal system in order to

prevent tyranny by dividing the powers of government.

Federalism refers to a

relationship between the national and state governments.

The new Constitution clearly established the federal government's right to tax in order to

avoid the financial problems of the Articles of the Confederation.

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Government Test 2

Chapters 3, 4 & 5

Question	Answer
The 10th Amendment states that the powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are	reserved to the states, or the people.
Of the different ways of ordering relations between central governments and local units, the most popular method is	a unitary system.
Of the 200 countries in the world,	the most common political system is a unitary system.
What kind of grant-in-aid allows the recipient of the grant the least independence in determining how the money will be spent?	Categorical grant
What event is most closely associated with the federal government assuming its greatest power?	The Great Depression
In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens, but property, in the case,	Dred Scott v. Sandford
The era of dual federalism ended with the	Great Depression
In the 1930s, the era of dual federalism came to an end with the Great Depression. This crisis led to	all of the above.
During the early years of the 'New Deal,' the attitude of the Supreme Court towards federal economic intervention could be characterized as	laissez-faire.
In response to the Supreme Court's opposition to many New Deal programs, FDR suggested	increasing the number of justices from nine to thirteen.
New Deal programs led to an era of federalism often referred to as __________ federalism.	cooperative
Cooperative federalism is characterized by	a stronger, more influential national government.
The first true federal grant program funded	land-grant colleges.
Federal grant programs often have the effect of	making it easier for the federal government to impose national goals on the states.
In 1964, the Johnson administration launched a broad attempt to combat social ills called	the Great Society.
By 1970, federal grants accounted for ___ percent of all state and local spending.	20
Programs passed by Congress requiring state compliance that come with no appropriated funds are called	unfunded mandates.
President Reagan preferred less restrictive funding to state and local governments called _________ grants.	block
Programs to channel federal monies to the states with 'no strings attached' are known as	block grants.
In a country administered under a UNITARY STATE system of government:	the national government has complete control over regional government.
Federal courts created the doctrine of DUAL FEDERALISM in order to:	distinguish between the peers of the federal and state governments.
In a federal political system, power is	shared between the central government and constituent governments.
The concept of horizontal federalism deals with	relationships between state governments.
States may not	make treaties with foreign nations.
The privileges and immunities clause of the Constitution means	a citizen of one state cannot be treated as an alien in another state.
A league of independent states in which the central government handles only those matters of common concern EXPRESSLY delegated to it is referred to as a	confederal system.
The state of Maryland imposed a tax on the Bank of the United States because	it feared an extension of centralized political power.
Unitary systems:	do not have independent state governments.
The purposes of feral grants are to:	all of the above.
The implied powers of the national government	give elasticity to our constitutional system.
What is the constitutional basis for Congress's implied powers?	The necessary and proper clause.
This is NOT the state power according to the 10th amendment:	making treaties
To which government does eminent domain apply?	both federal and state
Which amendments do the U.S. Constitution limited State sovereignty?	All of the above.
Federal government obligations to states include all of the following EXCEPT	organize and hold elections for state office
Which of the following nations is governed by unitary system of government?	Britain
The concept of dual federalism prevailed in the United States until the administration of	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Which of the following is an example of a concurrent power?	the power to tax
Which institution serves as an arbiter or umpire in questions of state versus national power	the Supreme Court
In addition to the doctrine of implied powers, Chief Justice Marshall, in his decision in the Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), established the key concept of	national supremacy
Much of the growth of big government and of federal social welfare programs took place during the New Deal in the 1930s and during the administration of	FDR
The case of New Jersey v. New York (1999) is important because it	illustrates the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
The Framers created the federal system in order to	prevent tyranny by dividing the powers of government.
Federalism refers to a	relationship between the national and state governments.
Under the Constitution, national and state governments are	accountable to the people.
The supremacy clause is found in	Article VI
The meaning of the supremacy clause has been	continuously reinterpreted.
In situations of conflict between state and national law, national law prevails due to	the supremacy clause.
The new Constitution clearly established the federal government's right to tax in order to	avoid the financial problems of the Articles of the Confederation.
Suffrage rights are constitutionally determined by	state governments.
Among the concurrent powers of the U.S. system are	taxation.
Article I, section 8 gives Congress the power to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its enumerated powers. This clause is also known as the	elastic clause.
The Constitution has a long list of federal powers, but few power are listed for the states. This is because	states had all the power at the writing of the Constitution and a list was deemed unnecessary.
The Tenth Amendment provides for	states' reserve or police powers.
In addition to granting certain powers to state and national government, Article I also denies some powers to those governments, for example,	all of the above.
A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial is called a(n)	bill of attainder.
The clause that ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another is called the ___________ clause	full faith and credit
The first major federalism decision by the Marshall Court was	McCulloch v. Maryland.
In McCulloch v Maryland (1816), the Supreme Court ruled that	Congress had the power to charter a bank due to the necessary and proper clause.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) addressed the important question of	the scope of Congressional authority under the commerce clause.
The doctrine, applied by the Taney Court, that the national government should not exceed its enumerated powers is called	dual federalism.
During the Taney Court, the Court articulated the notion of	concurrent powers.
The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that	racial segregation was constitutional.
The nature of federalism was changed forever by	the Civil War.
"Dual federalism" is the practice of	allowing the states and the federal government to separately exercise power in areas of legitimate concern to them.
In a confederal political system the central governing unit	has no ability to make laws directly applicable to individuals without the authority of state governments.
The term ENUMERATED POWERS refers to:	the powers specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution.
The term IMPLIED POWERS refers to:	the power of the federal government to make laws to implement stated policies.
The supremacy clause of the Constitution means	states cannot use their reserved or concurrent powers to thwart national policies.
An example of an IMPLIED POWER is the federal government's right to:	create a national bank.
States are obligated constitutionally by all but:	the interstate commerce clause.
Federal systems include:	U.S.A., Mexico, and Switzerland
The goal of new federalism is to	reduce the restrictions attached to federal grants.
A major reason for the idea of full faith and credit clause is	to insure that rights established in contracts in one state will be honored by other states.
In the case of McColloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court held	that only when acts of Congress are forbidden by the Constitution are they unconstitutional.
In the United States, citizens live under:	both the U.S. and a state constitution.
The federalism of the Constitution	conferred more substantial powers on the national government, at the expense of state powers.
The federal government has compelled the states to raise their drinking age by	threatening to withhold highway funds.
The basic premise of federalism is that	two or more governments share power over the same land and people.
The first president to reduce intergovernmental grant expenditures was	Jimmy Carter.
The president who was elected to office, at least in part, due to a promise to return power to the states was	Ronald Reagan.
The effect of Reagan's new federalism was	state dependency on federal aid.
State and local governments often hire lobbyists today due to the	intense competition for federal funds.
The pressure group or groups that are created when state and local governments hire lobbyists to lobby the national government are called the _____________ lobby.	intergovernmental
In 1998, President Clinton issued an executive order on federalism that	caused a political firestorm.
Contrary to what Alexander Hamilton thought, many people today argue that the federal-state relationship has become one of	coercion.
The method by which the federal government can override state or local actions is called	preemption.
Republicans, in 1994, ran for election on a campaign pledge to force a national debate on the role of the national and state governments under the rubric of	the Contract with America.
National laws that direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules and regulations are called	mandates.
Many states in the 1990s were unhappy with their position in the federal system due to	unfunded mandates.
Although education is usually considered a state function, the federal government became actively involved in ending state mandated segregation through the case of	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
During the 1960s, in an effort segregation, the federal government began enroaching on one of the most sacred areas of state regulation in the federal system,	the conduct of elections.
One of the rationales for federal intervention in state and local government affairs is the	commerce clause.
During the early years of the 'New Deal,' the Supreme Court	ruled many programs unconstitutional.
In Lynch v. Donnelly (1984), the Supreme court upheld placing a publicly funded Christmas Nativity scene on public property on the grounds that	the display celebrated a national holiday and did not have the primary effect of advancing religion.
The Bill of Rights imposed limits initially	on the national government, but not on state governments.
The establishment clause	bars government sponsorship or support of religious activity.
The Supreme Court struck down the daily reading of a nondenominational prayer in New York's public schools in	"Engle v. Vitale" (1962).
What is "prior restraint"?	Censorship before publication
The Supreme Court ruled that individuals arrested for a crime must be apprised of their constitutional rights in the case	Miranda v. Arizona.
In 1914, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally seized evidence could not be used at trial. This became known as the	exclusionary rule.
In 2000, the Supreme Court, in an opinion written by Chief Justice Rehnquist, reaffirmed the central holding of ___________ that no admission of guilt is truly voluntary unless a suspect has been apprised of his rights.	Miranda
The Supreme Court ruled that "lawyers in criminal cases are necessities, not luxuries" in the case	Gideon v. Wainwright.
The case of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) was about	right to counsel.
The right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury is guaranteed by the _______ Amendment.	Sixth
In 1972, the Supreme Court expanded on their ruling in Gideon by	expanding right to counsel in offenses less serious than felonies.
The Supreme Court has ruled that jury trial must be held if a prison sentence of _______ is possible.	six months
The most frequently challenged part of the jury process has been	the method of selecting jurors.
The Eighth Amendment	prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
In 1972, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment in	Furman v. Georgia.
The leading interest group opponent of the death penalty in the 1960s was the	National Association for the Advancement of Colored Persons (NAACP).
In 1976, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was constitutional in the case	Gregg v. Georgia.
The right to privacy stems from the idea that some areas of life are off limits to the governmental regulation and is inferred from constitutional rights	all of the above.
The case of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) involved the issue of	birth control for married couples.
A state program loans science textbooks to religious schools. A taxpayer sues, claiming the state is helping to establish religion. Based on precedent, the court would most likely decide that	the state had a secular purpose, and the benefit was to the students, not the religious institution.
How many amendments were originally proposed for the Constitution?	12
What was one of the first case which applied the Bill of Rights to the States?	Gitlow v. New York
The Sedition Act of 1789 is about:	stirring up rebellion against government; outlaws false, malicious speech against national government
What was a feature of the "Incorporation Doctrine"?	That the Bill of Rights should extend to the States.
The case which voided the New York Regent's prayer in public schools was	ENGEL v. VITALE
The case which ruled the Bible reading in public schools as a religious exercise when required by the school was unconstitutional was	ABINGTON SCHOOL DISTRICT v. SCHEMPP
In the 1925 Gitlow case, the Supreme Court ruled that some speech could be prohibited if it threatened the overthrow of the government or in other ways injured the public welfare. This doctrine came to be known as the	"bad tendency" test
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the concept of privacy included the right to a legal abortion?	Roe v. Wade
In the 1943 Barnette case, the Supreme Court upheld the right to refuse to salute the American flag on the basis of the constitutional guarantee of	free speech
The "establishment clause" of the First Amendment prohibits the government from setting up a church. It also prevents government from passing laws that	all of the above
The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments provide for	due process of law
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that under the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination, suspects must be clearly informed of their rights before they are asked any questions	the Miranda case
In a long series of rulings that began with the 1925 Gitlow case, the Supreme Court has	began a process of selective incorporation of the Bill of Rights to the states
Naturalized citizens enjoy the same rights as native-born Americans except	the right to be elected president or vice president
Conflicts over civil liberties often	require balancing competing interests.
Personal rights and freedoms that the federal government cannot abridge by law, constitution, or judicial interpretation are called	civil liberties.
The Bill of Rights is found in	the first ten amendments.
The Bill of Rights was intended to	limit the powers of the national government to infringe on the liberties of citizens.
The amendments that highlight the Anti-Federalists fears of a too-powerful national government are the __________ amendments.	ninth and tenth
The clause contained in the 14th Amendment that has been ruled to map some of the Bill of Rights protections applicable to the states is called the ________ clause.	due process
The Supreme Court ruled that states could not abridge free speech protections in	Gitlow v. New York.
The process by which the Supreme Court has chosen to apply the specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights to the states is called	selective incorporation
Religious rights, both the right to freely exercise religion and the protection against the establishment of an official religion, are protected by the _________ Amendment.	First
The establishment clause has been said to	all of the above.
Where secular law conflicts with religious belief, freedom of religion is	often denied.
The First Amendment states that "Congress shall make no law abridging freedom of speech." The Supreme Court has ruled that it is constitutional to restrict some types of speech, such as	obscenity.
The judicial doctrine that government cannot prohibit speech or publication before the fact is called	prior restraint.
In Schenck v. U.S. (1919), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could ban certain types of speech in times of war if they constituted a	direct incitement.
In New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that	'actual malice' must be proved to support libel against a public figure.
In Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942), the Supreme Court ruled that certain forms of speech were not protected by the First Amendment such as	all of the above.
The Court ruled that obscenity must be 'utterly without redeeming social value' and appealing primarily to the 'prurient interest', and thus not be protected speech, in the case	Roth v. U.S.
In Miller v. California (1973) the Supreme Court redefined obscenity, concluding that a work was obscene if it	all of the above.
During the 1990s, Congress was particularly concerned with two obscenity issues. They were	arts funding and the Internet.
The Supreme Court has defined obscenity	differently over time.
In Reno v. ACLU, the Court ruled that the 1996 Communications Decency Act violet the First Amendment because it was a content-based blanket restriction. Congress' intent was to protect minors from pornography on the Internet. In response, Congress	passed a new law requiring credit card numbers and access codes for access to sites 'harmful to minor.'
The Supreme Court first acknowledged that symbolic speech was entitled to First Amendment protection in the case	Stromberg v. California.
In Texas v. Johnson (1989), the Supreme Court ruled that ________ was/were speech protected by the First Amendment.	flag burning
The Eighth Amendment prohibits	cruel and unusual punishment.
In 2000, ___________ states had capital punishment statues.	38
Under the ________ Amendment, the police may search things in plain view, the person arrested, and things under the arrestee's immediate control.	Fourth
Warrantless searches are	constitutional under certain circumstances.
A warrantless search can occur constitutionally if	consent is given.
A warrantless search without probable cause can be made of	all of the above
The clear and present danger test was formulated in	"Schenck v. U.S." (1919).
The Supreme Court held that "fighting words" do not convey ideas and thus are not subject to First Amendment protection in	"Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire" (1942).
The case which set forth the wall of separation doctrine	EVERSON v. BOARD OF EDUCATION
The Supreme Court has often ruled that:	the use of private property can be restricted by the "public interest".
In what case did the Supreme Court hold that the First Amendment prohibits punishment for publishing statements about the official of public officials except when such statements are made with actual malice?	"New York Times Co v. Sullivan" (1964)
The Supreme Court's first encounter with a law imposing prior restraint on a newspaper was in	"New v. Minnesota" (1931)
Freedom of religion includes the right:	for any group and/or individual to set themselves up as a religion.
In MILLER v. CALIFORNIA (1973) the Supreme Court, in regard to obscene publications, ruled that	the standard of offensiveness could be left to the community
The bad tendency doctrine relates to the freedom of	speech
This case set forth the bad tendency doctrine	GITLOW v. NEW YORK
Freedom of religion	1st Amendment
The right of a particular individual or group to give a speech can be limited if:	the speech might lead to some violent action.
A speaker who advocates the use of violent force against the United States government can be arrested	if his words create a clear and present danger of violent action.
Governments have had difficulty regulating obscenity because the courts have held that	obscenity can be prosecuted, but the definition of obscenity has varied over time and from place to place.
In Griswold, the Supreme Court ruled that the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and 14th Amendments cast penumbras, thereby creating	zones of privacy.
During the 1970s, in a 7-2 decision, the Supreme Court found that _________ was protected by the right to privacy implied from guarantees in the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment.	a woman's right to terminate a pregnancy under certain conditions
The case that legalized abortion in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, as well as to save the life and health of the mother, was called	Roe v. Wade.
The Supreme Court ruled in ___________ that a Georgia law prohibiting certain sex acts, including homosexual acts, was constitutional.	Bowers v. Hardwick
The Supreme Court case known as Cruzan was about	the right to die.
In 1969, the Supreme Court fashioned a new test for deciding what types of speech could be regulated by the government. The new test made it more difficult to limit speech due to the requirement of imminent harm. The new test was called	direct incitement.
This case held that the Bill of Rights applied to the states also	GITLOW v. NEW YORK
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were very important for:	the freedoms and rights of blacks
Legislative acts that make an individual guilty of a crime without a trial are	bills of attainder.
The Supreme Court extended the Sixth Amendment's right to counsel to the states in	"Gideon v. Wainwright" (1963).
Statements that police are required to make to a person before that person is subject to in-custody questioning are known as	Miranda warnings.
The Supreme Court applied the exclusionary rule to the states in	"Mapp v. Ohio" (1961).
Women finally received the right to vote in 1920 through the _______ Amendment.	19th
When the NAACP began their litigation strategy to end segregation, they choose to begin by challenging segregation in	professional and post-graduate schools.
The Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy (1896) in 1954 was called	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.
In case referred to as Brown II, the Supreme Court ruled that racially segregated school systems must	be dismantled with "all deliberate speed."
In 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott began with the intent of ending segregation on public transport. The catalyst for the boycott was a black person who was arrested for refusing to give up a seat to a white person. The name of this person was	Rosa Parks.
In 1957, a number of black leaders including Martin Luther King, Jr., established a new group to fight for civil rights based in the South called the	Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).
Among the tactics used by the civil rights movement were	all of the above.
In August 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. led a huge march on ___________ that culminated in his speech titled "I Have a Dream."	Washington
The longest filibuster in Senate history was an attempt to block the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by	Strom Thurmond (D-SC).
Once passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964	all of the above.
The Supreme Court ruled that all vestiges of state-imposed segregation must be eliminated at once in the 1971 case	Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District.
Racial discrimination that results from practice rather than law is called discrimination.	de facto
In 1966, a new women's group was formed that was modeled on the NAACP to prevent discrimination against women. This group was called the	National Organization of Women.
The ammunition to defeat the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment came from the Supreme Court's decision in	Roe v. Wade.
Fundamental freedoms such as religion, press, and privacy are usually accorded a(n) __________ standard of review by the Court.	heightened
The writ of have as corpus protects:	persons in confinement.
THe exclusionary rule holds that	evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in a trial.
States have the right, according to Roe v. Wade, to regulate or outlaw abortions only in the trimester.	third
State-imposed racial segregation based on the concept of separate-but-equal facilities for blacks was upheld by the Supreme Court in	"Plessy v. Ferguson" (1896).
In which case did the Supreme Court declare that "in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place"?	"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka" (1954)
Programs designed to overcome the effects of past discrimination are known as	affirmative action
The Supreme court confronted an affirmative action quota program for the first time in	"Regents of the University of California v. Bakke".
In "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke", Allan Bakke contended that	he had been the victim of reverse discrimination.
The Equal Rights Amendment declared that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of	sex."
Martin Luther King Jr.'s strategy of civil disobedience consisted of	nonviolent breaking of laws perceived to be unjust.
All citizens are guaranteed the "equal protection of the laws" by	the Fourteenth Amendment.
Lemon V. Kurtzman established	Laws which advanced or inhibited religion were unconstitutional.
The case which held that a defendant was entitled to counsel even if he could not hire one	GIDEON v. WAINWRIGHT
The case which stated that the defendant had the right to counsel during questioning and investigation	ESCOBEDO v. ILLINOIS
The Exclusionary Rule can be defined as:	the principle that evidence, no matter how telling, may not be used if obtained illegally
Geraldine Ferraro is	the first woman to run for vice-president on a major party's ticket
The Equal Rights Amendment was defeated in 1982 because	it fell short of the thirty-eight states needed for ratification
The concept of equality is boldly proclaimed in	The Declaration of Independence.
The positive acts governments take to protect individuals against arbitrary or *discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals are called	civil rights.
The Constitution has several clauses that are expressly contrary to our modern view of civil rights, including	all of the above.
The expansion of civil rights to include protection from state governments was achieved through the adoption of the	14th Amendment.
The passage of the Constitution that has generated more litigation than any other is	the 14th Amendment.
Congress banned the slave trade in	1808.
Abolitionists worked towards	ending slavery.
The Compromise of 1820	kept slavery legal.
Among the women who founded the women's movement were	Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
Among the most prominent people in the Abolitionist Movement was	William Lloyd Garrison.
In 1848, the first women's rights convention was held in	Seneca Falls.
There was a tremendous national reaction to a novel published in 1852 on the evils of slavery. The novel was called	Uncle Tom's Cabin
The first major civil rights case to be considered by the Supreme Court was/were	Dred Scott v. Sandford.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820	banned slavery north of the Mason-Dixon Line.
The first major civil rights case to be considered by the Supreme Court dealt with a dispute over the constitutionality of the	Missouri Compromise.
Slavery was banned by the _______ Amendment.	13th
Laws that denied most legal rights to newly freed slaves and prohibited blacks from voting, sitting on juries, or even appearing in public places after the Civil War were known as	Black Codes.
The first time Congress ever passed an override of a presidential veto occurred over the	Civil Rights Act of 1866.
Former slaves were granted citizenship as well as the 'privileges and immunities' thereof, and states barred from depriving anyone of "life, liberty or property without due process of law" through the ________ Amendment.	14th
Many women opposed the __________ Amendment that added the word 'male' to the Constitution for the first time.	14th
In Bradwell v. Illinois (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment	did not protect women from discrimination.
Laws enacted by Southern states that resulted in segregation by race were also known as	Jim Crow laws.
In Minor v. Happersett (1875), the Supreme Court ruled that	voting was not a privilege of citizenship.
Among the devices used in Southern states to prevent blacks from voting, were	all of the above.
In __________, the Supreme Court found that segregation of rail transportation was constitutional because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.	Plessy v. Ferguson
In response to the poor treatment of blacks following the Civil War, a number of people decided to form a group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in	1909.
The president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA.), founded in 1890, was,	Susan B. Anthony.
In 1964, a full decade after Brown v. Board of Education, ___________ percent of African American children in the South attended integrated schools.	fewer than 1
The Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a Texas law making it a crime to obtain an abortion except for the purpose of saving the mother's life in	"Roe v. Wade" (1973).
De facto segregation differs from de jure segregation in that	de facto segregation is not done by the government, and de jure segregation is.
The case which held that the defendant had to be informed of is rights when arrested	MIRANDA v. ARIZONA
As a result of the Miranda Case:	defendants must be told their rights before being questioned.
The trial of a person for a crime for which he has already been found not guilty is known as	double jeopardy
The case which stated the separate but equal doctrine	PLESSY v. FERGUSON
Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment	8th Amendment
The DUE PROCESS CLAUSE of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution:	prohibits states from violating certain rights guaranteed by the federal Constitution.
State laws which legally segregated the races were called	Jim Crow laws.
The PLESSY v. FERGUSON was specifically and unanimously overturned by	BROWN v. BOARD OF EDUCATION
Blacks were kept from voting in the South by devices such as the	all of these
The --------- Amendment provides that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude ... shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."	Thirteenth
In what case did the Supreme court rule that the Constitution does not protect homosexual relationships even in the privacy of their own homes?	Bowers v. Hardwick
The methods by which a law is enforced involves which type of due process	procedural
Procedural due process refers to:	the methods by which a law is enforced.
In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment equal protection clause prohibited unreasonable classifications based on sex, but did not accord gender as a suspect classification entitled	Reed v. Reed.
The issue of separate drinking ages for men and women was challenged in the case	Craig v. Boren.
Under the U.S. Constitution, American Indians are considered to be	unique.
Native Americans were granted citizenship and the right to vote in	1924.
Among the tactics used by the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) to stop discrimination against Hispanics are	all of the above.
In ___________ , the Supreme Court ruled that laws against consensual private acts of sodomy were constitutional.	Bowers v. Hardwick
In assessing the constitutionality of gay rights issues, the Supreme Court, in 1996, used the standard of	rationality.
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court ruled that	schools could take race into account but not by strict numerical quotas.

Created by: Megan Galyean

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